Clinical evaluation of lithium carbonate

Lithium carbonate is an inorganic compound, the lithium salt of carbonate with the formula Li2CO3. This white salt is widely used in the processing of metal oxides and has received attention for the treatment for manic and bipolar disorder. It exists as the rare mineral zabuyelite. The CAS NO is 554-13-2.

Like related lithium salts, Li2CO3 is an ionic compound. Its solubility in water is low relative to other lithium salts. The isolation of lithium from aqueous extracts of lithium ores capitalizes on this poor solubility. Its apparent solubility increases tenfold under a mild pressure of carbon dioxide; this effect is due to the formation of the metastable bicarbonate.

Lithium carbonate is a kind of effective antimanic drugs, here is the clinical evaluation of lithium carbonate.

Effect of lithium carbonate on different doses of placebo controlled study. The results showed that the curative effect of the product, a variety of subtypes of depression, compared with placebo had significant difference with this one day after 75~225mg treatment, the curative effect is the same to clomipramine, imipramine, 3-Triadimefon and fluoxetine at least, and in the early treatment is effective, the effect can be continued for a year.

To treat the patients with severe depression with lithium carbonate 200mg a day. After 4 days the visible MADRs score improvement, improve the score of HAMD after a week. This product use effect after a week in the outpatient of severe depressive patients, the HAMD, MADRs and CGI scores were significantly improved, and lasting effect.

A randomized compared study was done in a group of 68 patients with severe depression between Lithium carbonate and fluoxetine. Lithium carbonate in the treatment group began to dose for a day of 100mg, finally reaches a day 200mg. Fluoxetine treatment group seven was a dose of 20mg, finally achieve a day 40mg. After 4 weeks of treatment, lithium carbonate group is obviously better than that of fluoxetine (p=0.027). Total HAMD scale improvement of two components is 73% and 50%; MADRs score improved respectively 70% and 50%; CGI-S score improved respectively 72% and 51%.

The other three cases amounted to 282 people in the study of maintenance therapy, the groups with lithium carbonate, imipramine and 3-triadimefon in acute treatment is effective as maintenance treatment, the recurrence rate which group use lithium carbonate is lowest.

Through clinical research data on II and phase III clinical analysis on thousands of patients, show that lithium carbonate has a good effect in treatment on senile depression; lithium carbonate also has a good treatment effect on drug resistance in patients with depression and patients with refractory depression.

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What’s Lithium carbonate？

Lithium carbonate is an inorganic compound, the lithium salt of carbonate with the formula Li2CO3. This white salt is widely used in the processing of metal oxides and has received attention for the treatment for manic and bipolar disorder. It exists as the rare mineral zabuyelite. The CAS NO is 554-13-2.

Like related lithium salts, Li2CO3 is an ionic compound. Its solubility in water is low relative to other lithium salts. The isolation of lithium from aqueous extracts of lithium ores capitalizes on this poor solubility. Its apparent solubility increases tenfold under a mild pressure of carbon dioxide; this effect is due to the formation of the metastable bicarbonate.

The extraction of lithium carbonate at high pressures of CO2 and its precipitation upon depressuring is the basis of the Quebec process. Approximately 30,000 tons were produced in 1989. Lithium carbonate, and other carbonates of Group 1 do not decompose readily, unlike other carbonates. Li2CO3 decomposes at temperatures >1300 °C..

Lithium carbonate is an important industrial chemical. It forms low-melting fluxes with silica and other materials. Glasses derived from lithium carbonate are useful in ovenware. Lithium carbonate is a common ingredient in both low-fire and high-fire ceramic glaze. Its alkaline properties are conducive to changing the state of metal oxide colorants in glaze particularly red iron oxide (Fe2O3). Cement sets more rapidly when prepared with lithium carbonate, and is useful for tile adhesives. When added to aluminium trifluoride, it forms LiF which gives a superior electrolyte for the processing of aluminium. Lithium carbonate is an active material of carbon dioxide sensors. It is also used in the manufacture of most lithium-ion battery cathodes, which are made of lithium cobalt oxide.

What the Lithium carbonate uses frequently is Medical use.

In 1843, lithium carbonate was used as a new solvent for stones in the bladder. In 1859, some doctors recommended a therapy with lithium salts for a number of ailments, including gout, urinary calculi, rheumatism, mania, depression, and headache. In 1949, John Cade discovered the anti-manic effects of lithium ions. This finding led lithium, specifically lithium carbonate, to be used to treat mania associated with bipolar disorder.

Lithium carbonate is used to treat mania, the elevated phase of bipolar disorder. Lithium ions interfere with ion transport processes (see “sodium pump”) that relay and amplify messages carried to the cells of the brain. Mania is associated with irregular increases in protein kinase C (PKC) activity within the brain. Lithium carbonate and sodium valproate, another drug traditionally used to treat the disorder, act in the brain by inhibiting PKC’s activity and help to produce other compounds that also inhibit the PKC. Despite these findings, a great deal remains unknown regarding lithium's mood controlling properties.

Some studies have suggested therapeutic benefit of lithium carbonate in certain neuromuscular conditions like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and spinal muscular atrophy. A 2010 controlled trial of lithium carbonate in ALS did not confirm earlier suggestions, finding the compound ineffective and possibly toxic in ALS patients.

Frankie is the freelance writer for e-commerce website in the chemistry. Guidechem.com is just a place for you to look for some chemicals. Our guidechem provide the most convenient conditions for the international buyers and let these leads benefit all the business people. Guidechem chemical B2B network provides information on china and global chemical market quotation and relative chemical Information. Guidechem Chemical Network providing the most complete information of the chemical industry.