Povidone used in the treatment of Chyluria

Indications of Povidone and Chyluria

Povidone is a solution that is used prior to surgery to sterilize the site of incision. Povidone itself is used to disperse or suspend a compound.

Povidone is completely soluble in cold and mild-warm water, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, and glycerol. Its stability in solution is much greater than that of tincture of iodine or Lugol's solution. Its CAS NO is 9003-39-8.

It was discovered at the Industrial Toxicology Laboratories in Philadelphia by H. A. Shelanski and M. V. Shelanski. They carried out tests in vitro to demonstrate anti-bacterial activity, and found that the complex was less toxic than tincture of iodine in mice. Human clinical trials showed the product to be superior to other iodine formulations. It was first sold in 1955, and has since become the universally preferred iodine antiseptic.

Chyluria is a recurrent problem in tropical countries; the disease is characterized by remission and exacerbation. The outpatient procedure commonly used is the endoscopic instillation of silver nitrate into the chylous effluxing ureter, where it acts as a sclerosant. Although the procedure enjoys wide popularity, it is not without attendant side-effects like pain and interstitial nephritis. To circumvent these problems, we used povidone iodine as a sclerosant.

Methods for the treatment of Chyluria

Povidone iodine is an iodine complex with the non-ionic surfactant polymer polyvinyl pyrrolidone; it is water-soluble and releases iodine slowly. Povidone iodine 0.2% (0.02% iodine w/v) for use as a sclerosant in treating chyluria is prepared as a 1:5 dilution of stock solution (2 mL of 5% povidone iodine plus 8 mL of distilled water) in distilled water.

Five patients have been treated to date; all underwent a routine physical examination and all tested positively for chyle in the urine. None of the patients had bacterial growth from urine samples in culture and all had normal renal functional values, albumin:globulin ratio and normal findings on IVU. Cystoscopy revealed chylous efflux from the left ureteric orifice in three patients and from the right in two. About 8–10 mL of povidone iodine was instilled using a ureteric catheter. All five patients were free of symptoms after 6 months of follow-up.

Advantages of Using Povidone iodine

Povidone iodine has the following advantages; it provides a nontoxic, non-irritating, nonvolatile and nonstaining form of iodine; it has local sclerosant action as well as antiseptic, antibacterial and antifungal actions; it is cheap and easily available; and it is easy to dilute to the required concentration. There were no complications after instillation, e.g. pain, fever, sepsis and interstitial nephritis.

Frankie is the freelance writer for e-commerce website in the chemistry. Guidechem.com is just a place for you to look for some chemicals. Our guidechem provide the most convenient conditions for the international buyers and let these leads benefit all the business people. Guidechem chemical B2B network provides information on china and global chemical market quotation and relative chemical Information. Guidechem Chemical Network providing the most complete information of the chemical industry.

Clinical evaluation of lithium carbonate

Lithium carbonate is an inorganic compound, the lithium salt of carbonate with the formula Li2CO3. This white salt is widely used in the processing of metal oxides and has received attention for the treatment for manic and bipolar disorder. It exists as the rare mineral zabuyelite. The CAS NO is 554-13-2.

Like related lithium salts, Li2CO3 is an ionic compound. Its solubility in water is low relative to other lithium salts. The isolation of lithium from aqueous extracts of lithium ores capitalizes on this poor solubility. Its apparent solubility increases tenfold under a mild pressure of carbon dioxide; this effect is due to the formation of the metastable bicarbonate.

Lithium carbonate is a kind of effective antimanic drugs, here is the clinical evaluation of lithium carbonate.

Effect of lithium carbonate on different doses of placebo controlled study. The results showed that the curative effect of the product, a variety of subtypes of depression, compared with placebo had significant difference with this one day after 75~225mg treatment, the curative effect is the same to clomipramine, imipramine, 3-Triadimefon and fluoxetine at least, and in the early treatment is effective, the effect can be continued for a year.

To treat the patients with severe depression with lithium carbonate 200mg a day. After 4 days the visible MADRs score improvement, improve the score of HAMD after a week. This product use effect after a week in the outpatient of severe depressive patients, the HAMD, MADRs and CGI scores were significantly improved, and lasting effect.

A randomized compared study was done in a group of 68 patients with severe depression between Lithium carbonate and fluoxetine. Lithium carbonate in the treatment group began to dose for a day of 100mg, finally reaches a day 200mg. Fluoxetine treatment group seven was a dose of 20mg, finally achieve a day 40mg. After 4 weeks of treatment, lithium carbonate group is obviously better than that of fluoxetine (p=0.027). Total HAMD scale improvement of two components is 73% and 50%; MADRs score improved respectively 70% and 50%; CGI-S score improved respectively 72% and 51%.

The other three cases amounted to 282 people in the study of maintenance therapy, the groups with lithium carbonate, imipramine and 3-triadimefon in acute treatment is effective as maintenance treatment, the recurrence rate which group use lithium carbonate is lowest.

Through clinical research data on II and phase III clinical analysis on thousands of patients, show that lithium carbonate has a good effect in treatment on senile depression; lithium carbonate also has a good treatment effect on drug resistance in patients with depression and patients with refractory depression.

Frankie is the freelance writer for e-commerce website in the chemistry. Guidechem.com is just a place for you to look for some chemicals. Our guidechemprovide the most convenient conditions for the international buyers and let these leads benefit all the business people. Guidechem chemical B2B network provides information on china and global chemical market quotation and relative chemical Information. Guidechem Chemical Network providing the most complete information of the chemical industry.

Chemical characters of Dibutyl phthalate

1. Chemical Name: Dibutyl Phthalate

2. EC-Number: 201-557-4

3. CAS NO: 84-74-2 (Chemical Abstract Registry Number)

4. Synonyms of Dibutyl Phthalate: Plasticiser DBP, Di-(n-butil-ether)-ortho-phthalic acid, 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, dibutyl ester, oBenzenedicarboxylic acid, dibutyl ester, n-Butyl phthalate, Di-n-butyl phthalate, Dibutyl 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate, Phthalic acid dibutyl ester, Phtalate de dibutyle

5. Empirical Formula of Dibutyl Phthalate: C16 H22 O4

6. Structural Formula: CH3-(CH2)2-CH2-O-(O=)C-C6H4-C (=O)-O-(CH2)2-CH3

7. Uses of Dibutyl Phthalate:

Plasticization of vinyl resins and other kinds of polymers in production of cable flexible PVC, artificial leather, rubber products, polymeric building materials, linoleum, film and sheet / plate materials, packing films, PVC gaskets, etc.

Used primarily as a plasticizer for nitrocellulose, polyvinyl acetate and polyvinyl chloride; used in plastisol formulations for carpet back coating and other vinyl compounds; in the manufacture of various paints, varnishes and lacquers, medical supplies (such as transfusion and dental materials), safety glasses for automobiles, plastic food wrap, cosmetics, such as nail polishes and paper coatings; textile lubricant agent; insect repellent for impregnation of clothing; concrete additive; solvent for perfume oils; perfume fixative; stabilizer in rocket propellants; solvent for chlorinated rubber and resins; in adhesives; in printing inks; desensitizing agent for nitroglycerin; reaction media for chemical reactions.

8. Appearance & Colour: Colourless to faint yellow, oily, viscous liquid; odourless or slight aromatic, ester odour.

9. Packing: Large bottles, drums of aluminium, steel railway tank cars and road tankers, steel drums and cans.

Frankie is the freelance writer for e-commerce website in the chemistry. Guidechem.com is just a place for you to look for some chemicals. Our guidechem provide the most convenient conditions for the international buyers and let these leads benefit all the business people. Guidechem chemical B2B network provides information on china and global chemical market quotation and relative chemical Information. Guidechem Chemical Network providing the most complete information of the chemical industry.

Properties and Manufacturing process of Hydroquinone

1. Chemical name: hydroquinone; Quinol; 1,4-Benzenediol or 1,4-Dihydroxybenzene

2. Traits of Hydroquinone:

Hydroquinone is white needle crystal, molecular formula was C6H6O2, molecular weight 110.11, weight 1.332, melting point 172 ℃, boiling point 286 ℃, flash point 165 ℃ , soluble in water, alcohol and ether, slightly soluble in benzene.

3. Main uses of Hydroquinone:

Hydroquinone (CAS NO: 123-31-9) is mainly used in photosensitive materials, rubber, dyes, pharmaceutical industry. Black and white contrast to film in the photosensitive material, and it is often used mixed with the developer phenidone metol, it is also used for thermal imprints of poly agent; using hydroquinone as antioxidants raw materials can be used in rubber industry and food industry; hydroquinone is the production of MBH (hydroquinone benzyl ether), DBH (two benzyl hydroquinone ether) antioxidant materials are intermediates in the production of anthraquinone dyes, azo dyes in the dye industry; in medicine, 1 ~ 2% hydroquinone solvent topical treatment of meningitis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, etc.; in addition, hydroquinone can also be used for styrene, isoprene, butadiene, acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate polymerization such as storage and transportation of the monomers of polymerization agent.

4. Traditional industrial production method of hydroquinone:

(1) O-chlorophenol or adjacent two chlorobenzene hydrolysis method;

(2) The guaiacol(o-methoxyphenol) hydrolysis method;

(3) Aniline oxidation;

(4) Two cumene oxidation method.

The above reaction process complex, more by-products, serious environmental pollution, high production costs, has been gradually phased out in foreign countries. At present in the world almost all of the above 1/3 catechol and hydroquinone was produced by the phenol hydroxyl hydrogen peroxide method. Phenol hydroxyl hydrogen peroxide method is using phenol and hydrogen peroxide as raw materials, production of catechol, generation of 2-benzene in the presence of catalyst, a small amount of tar by-products.

Frankie is the freelance writer for e-commerce website in the chemistry. Guidechem.com is just a place for you to look for some chemicals. Our guidechem provide the most convenient conditions for the international buyers and let these leads benefit all the business people. Guidechem chemical B2B network provides information on china and global chemical market quotation and relative chemical Information. Guidechem Chemical Network providing the most complete information of the chemical industry.

Gemcitabine hydrochloride is an anticancer drug

The name of the drug: Gemcitabine Hydrochloride for Injection

The main components of the drugs: This product mainly consists of gemcitabine hydrochloride.

Traits of Gemcitabine hydrochloride: This product is a white loose block.

CAS NO of Gemcitabine　Hydrochloride :  122111-03-9

Pharmacological action of Gemcitabine Hydrochloride: Gemcitabine hydrochloride is a nucleoside analogues, belongs to the cell cycle specific antitumor drugs. The main killer in S phase (DNA synthesis) cells, at the same time also blocked cell proliferation by G1 to S transition process. This product is superseded by intracellular nucleoside kinase metabolism into 2-nucleoside phosphate activity (dFdCDP) and 3- nucleotide (dFdCTP).

The cytotoxic activity was derived from the two kinds of nucleoside combined effect of DNA synthesis inhibition. Resulting DNA (including dCTP) reduced the concentration of gemcitabine, three phosphate can compete with dCTP binding to DNA, while the dCTP concentration in the cells decreased (generated by the role of phosphate) combined with gemcitabine can promote three phosphoric acid and DNA, the result of a nucleotide incorporation into the synthesis process DNA chain, so as to prevent further synthesis of DNA. In addition, DNA polymerase epsilon is not able to clear the gemcitabine nucleotides and repair synthesis process of the DNA chain.

Adaption of Gemcitabine Hydrochloride:  Suitable for the treatment of advanced non small cell lung cancer.

Usage and dosage of GemcitabineHydrochloride: Recommended adult dose of gemcitabine for 30 minutes 1000mg/m2 intravenous drip, once a week, for three weeks, then rest a week, each around again.

On the basis of toxicity reaction of patients decreased dose. Preparation method: bottle (including gemcitabine 200mg) at least 0.9% injection of sodium chloride injection 5ml (including the concentration of gemcitabine ≤ 40mg/ml), and shake to dissolve, when administered to the required quantity available in 0.9% sodium chloride injection further dilution, preparing gemcitabine solution good should be stored in room temperature and used within 24 hours, gemcitabine solution may not be refrigerated, to prevent crystallization.

Elderly patients: elderly patients aged 65 years and above can also very good tolerance. Despite the influence of age clearance and half-life of gemcitabine, but there is no evidence that elderly patients require dose adjustment. Children: not studied the use of gemcitabine in children.

Medication for pregnant and lactation: The B3 class, the drugs on the safety of pregnant women is unknown. The animal experiment showed that, the drug has reproductive toxicity, such as reproductive defects or the development of the embryo and fetus, before and after pregnancy and childbirth and other toxic effect. Gemcitabine has potential risk to the fetus and infant, therefore, pregnant and lactating women should avoid the use it.

Frankie is the freelance writer for e-commerce website in the chemistry. Guidechem.com is just a place for you to look for some chemicals. Our guidechemprovide the most convenient conditions for the international buyers and let these leads benefit all the business people. Guidechem chemical B2B network provides information on china and global chemical market quotation and relative chemical Information. Guidechem Chemical Network providing the most complete information of the chemical industry.

History of Vanillin tablets

1. Basic information of Vanillin tablets

Vanillin is a phenolic aldehyde, which is an organic compound with the molecular formula C8H8O3(CAS NO: 121-33-5). Its functional groups include aldehyde, ether, and phenol. It is the primary component of the extract of the vanilla bean. Synthetic vanillin, instead of natural vanilla extract, is sometimes used as a flavoring agent in foods, beverages, and pharmaceuticals. But what the most important usage is treatment for epilepsy in medicine community. Vanillin is the main Component of Vanillin tablet which is high-performance for epilepsy.

Vanillin tablets are synthetic, not Traditional Chinese Medicine. Vanillin tablet is a kind of anti epileptic drugs. It is used for the treatment of epilepsy and other various types of epilepsy, vertigo, adhd and so on.

2. Usage and Dosage of Vanillin tablets

Oral, 3 times a day, a 0.1-0.2g (1/2 or 1) or as directed by a physician; children dose reduce.

3. History of Vanillin tablets

In 1965, China Medicine University (formerly the Nanjing College of Medicine) was first synthesized with good anti epilepsy effect of vanillin. Initiated the anti epilepsy era for antiepileptic. At the same time, it caused international epilepsy countries such as Poland, United States and other countries attention.

In 1979, vanillin for anti epileptic subjects is listed as key scientific research item of Health Department of Jiangsu Province, and organized several related units to work together, and after 17 years of efforts, finally completed the pharmacology, toxicology, pharmacokinetics, quality standard, production process and clinical validation studies.

In January, 1982, through the identification of the treatment of epilepsy, we confirmed that Vanillin tablet has good curative effect on epilepsy, and no obvious toxic side effects.

In October 1982, Jiangsu Province Health Department formally approved the production of vanillin.

During the next 20 years, the process of vanillin is continuous improvement. Vanillin was renamed vanillin tablets, is widely used in clinical treatment of seizures and encephalopathy. Vanillin tablets have been approved as the country medicine accurate H320258 by the National Food Administration in January 29th, 2003.

During the 5 years from 2000 to 2005, China Medicine University Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, increase the vanillin tablets of the promotion, tens of thousands of seizures, encephalopathy patients in rehabilitation! At the beginning of 2005, a plan, named "improve the life quality of patients with epilepsy" started quietly. After that, Vanillin tablets began to expand outwards at an alarming rate, a potential from provincial hospitals.

Frankie is the freelance writer for e-commerce website in the chemistry. Guidechem.com is just a place for you to look for some chemicals. Our guidechem provide the most convenient conditions for the international buyers and let these leads benefit all the business people. Guidechem chemical B2B network provides information on china and global chemical market quotation and relative chemical Information. Guidechem Chemical Network providing the most complete information of the chemical industry.

The United States will disable perchloroethylene dry cleaning agent

According to the United States of America "Washington Post" reported on July 17th, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced that, in order to reduce the pollution of chemical products perchloroethylene on the environment, dry cleaning industry shall comply with the "new standard" of environmental public health. According to the new standard, before 2020, perchloroethylene dry cleaning agent must be fully disabled in the dry cleaning industry.

Perchloroethylene is a chemical which transparent, colorless, with sweet smell. It has strong decontamination ability, suitable for various kinds of clothing. Compared with gasoline, making clothes dry cleaning washed with perchloroethylene, without any residue. Since the middle of twentieth Century, perchloroethylene is widely used in the dry cleaning solvent. It is understood, In the dry cleaning, perchloroethylene is heated to the boiling point, and then use the distillation of  perchloroethylene to wash clothes.

At present, the United States has about 2.8 000 cleaners using perchloroethylene dry cleaning agent. The dry cleaning shop is mainly distributed in New York and Washington and other big city, of which there are many dry cleaners directly in the residential buildings.

EPA thinks, perchloroethylene emissions during the heating process will cause the air pollution, resulting in adverse effects on the health of residents.

The United States Center for cancer research institutions had an experiment on the animals about this subject "perchloroethylene may cause harm to human health". Results show that, if the mice containing in excessive exposure perchloroethylene environment, is very susceptible to liver cancer and kidney cancer. The EPA did a survey in New York, mainly for those who live in the dry cleaning shop nearby residents. The results showed that, the respondents live from the dry cleaning shop near, toxic substances contents in blood, urine and milk is higher than other people.

In addition, direct contact or excessive inhalation of perchloroethylene, toxic gases will remain in the fat cells, cause eye, nose, throat, or inflammation of the skin, caused by nervous system damage, headache, dizziness, fatigue and sleepiness. If exposures in the environment with perchloroethylene in long-term, it also increases the risk of cancer.

According to the "Regulations for public environmental health standards", the dry cleaning shop located in residential buildings should be as soon as possible withdrawal of perchloroethylene; the dry cleaners, located in non residential should use detection equipment to prevent perchloroethylene leakage. Before 2020, all dry cleaners will disable perchloroethylene.

Frankie is the freelance writer for e-commerce website in the chemistry. Guidechem.com is just a place for you to look for some chemicals. Our guidechem provide the most convenient conditions for the international buyers and let these leads benefit all the business people. Guidechem chemical B2B network provides information on china and global chemical market quotation and relative chemical Information. Guidechem Chemical Network providing the most complete information of the chemical industry.