Glyoxylic acid is a kind of yellowish transparent liquids with Molecular Formul:C2H2O3, Molecular Weight : 74.04. It is usually described with the chemical formula OCHCO2H, i.e. containing an aldehyde functional group. In fact the aldehyde is not observed in solution or as a solid. In general aldehydes with electron-withdrawing substituents often exist mainly as their hydrate.
Glyoxylic acid(CAS NO:298-12-4) is the smallest alpha-keto acid which has a ketone group on the carbon atom next to the acid group. If the ketone group is on the second carbon next to the acid group, it is called beta-keto acid. Glyoxylic acid has dual functional compound with both carboxylic acid and aldehyde. One more example of small mole weight alpha-keto acid is pyruvic acid which has methyl branch.
Glyoxylic acid is formed by organic oxidation of glyoxal with hot nitric acid, the main side product being oxalic acid. Ozonolysis of maleic acid is also effective.The conjugate base of gloxylic acid is known as glyoxylate and is the form that the compound exists in solution at neutral pH. Glyoxylate is an intermediate of the glyoxylate cycle, which enables organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and plants to convert fatty acids into carbohydrates. Glyoxylate is the byproduct of the amidation process in biosynthesis of several amidated peptides.Historically glyoxylic acid was prepared from oxalic acid electrosynthetically.
Glyoxylic acid is present in the body as the primary precursor of oxalic acid and as an intermediate in the conversion of glycolic acid to glycine. The metabolic pathway to convert fat to carbohydrateby in certain microorganisms and plants is called glyoxylate cycle. Glyoxylates, any salt, anion, or ester of glyoxylic acid, are important in biochemical research.
Pure glyoxylic acid(CAS NO:298-12-4) is a liquid with melting point of -93 C and boiling Point of 111 C. Glyoxylic acid is formed in commerce by oxidation reaction of glycolic acid or by ozonolysis and reduction of maleic acid. Ozonolysis which uses ozone is to cleave the alkene bonds. Eexample of ozonolysis in commerce is the production of odd carbon number carboxylic acids such as azelaic acid and pelargonic acid and simple carboxylic acids such as formic acid and oxalic acid.
Allantoin, active in skin-softening and rapid cell regeneration by precipitating proteins on skin is the diureide of glyoxylic acid. In industrial field, it is used as a basic chemical for the synthesis of other chemical products of acids, esters, cyclic compounds. Applications filed includes aroma compounds, agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and polymers.
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