Chlorimuron ethyl phytotoxicity measures

In previous article, we briefly discussed on injury symptoms and a brief analysis causes after using Chlorimuron ethyl; today, we can talk about how to deal with the injury symptoms.

Here, I want to keep the point on two aspects about preventive and remedial measures.

Preventive measures

1. Accurately calculate the amount of Chlorimuron ethyl. Depending on soil and climatic conditions, grass love Chlorimuron ethyl determine the dosage, to the amount of quasi-chemical control area to area medication, accurate dilution, uniform spraying, do not re-spray, do not leak spray, can not be arbitrarily increased drug concentration and spray Shi times.

2. Strictly in accordance with suitable period of medication, scientifically formulated liquid, determine spraying period. Necessary to consider the sensitive period of weeds, for good control effect, but also to choose seasonal crops resistant to strong, safe time “Xiacha” crop spraying. 3-5 leaf stage of corn has the strongest resistance on Chlorimuron ethyl, then the safest medication.

If the weather and other reasons, the 6-leaf stage of corn after the medication, as directed spray, pharmaceutical avoid touching the heart of corn leaves. General 2-leaf stage of corn leaf stage before and 10 after are sensitive to Chlorimuron ethyl, not medication. Meanwhile, the solution should be accurate dilution, mix well before spraying.

3. To improve the level of application techniques and strict chemical control procedures. Guiding farmers to eliminate the existing old-fashioned poor performance manual sprayers, and introducing them good performance, high efficiency, low cost, new sprayers.

Currently there are better performance Shandong Wish Plant Protection Machinery Co., Ltd. produces WS-16P type sprayer and Shandong Huasheng Pesticide Co., Ltd. production Tarzan-18AC knapsack sprayer duster machine. As Chlorimuron ethyl herbicide is super efficient, re-spray, drip, it is likely to cause local agent concentration is too large to produce injury. In addition, before each medication must ensure that sprayer clean, avoid the other Yaoxie corn injury caused by pesticide residues.

In addition, naphthalic anhydride with corn seed coating can reduce Chlorimuron ethyl with organophosphate insecticides effect caused by the injury.

Remedial measures

Generally, the corn itself has strong resistance, Chlorimuron ethyl a slight phytotoxicity, without treatment, only temporarily inhibited growth of corn, can be restored after a period of time, does not affect the production. If severe injury, need to be addressed, we can use the following measures:

1. A Timely detoxification in Chlorimuron ethyl phytotoxicity has occurred or is about to occur, to take early measures to detox. On the initial injury on corn plants that can be used 3-5 times spray equipment wash water spray pesticide residues on plants.

2. To strengthen field management

(1) Pouring enough water, prompting a lot of corn roots absorb water to reduce the concentration of the herbicide plant body, relieve injury.

(2) Appropriate to increase the depth and frequency of hoeing, enhance soil aeration, and promote beneficial soil microbial activity, accelerate the decomposition of soil nutrients, enhance maize root under water and nutrient absorption capacity, so as soon as possible to restore normal maize plants growth and development.

(3) Spraying large cloud -120 (natural brassinolide) diluted 1500-fold or GA plus 1% urea aqueous solution or spiritual harm, leaf treasure diluted 500 times in the morning or evening dew dry with sprayer to spray both sides of the blade, and promote normal growth of plants, in order to effectively reduce injury.

(4) The injury occurred corn plots should be combined with water, increasing livestock manure composting facilities, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium nitrate, urea and other fast-acting fertilizer to promote root development and regeneration, restoring victims corn physiology to reduce Chlorimuron ethyl phytotoxicity to corn damage. But also foliar spray of 1% -2% urea or 0.2% -0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or Huimanfeng 600-800 times, resume normal growth favorable for corn. Should also actively controlling other corn pests, in order to improve the ability of maize to resist injury.

If the cornfields injury is the too heavy, these measures can not relieve victims extent, you can only take one or switching to other crops destroyed to avoid greater losses.

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Chlorimuron ethyl injury causes

Chlorimuron ethyl is widely used for the current corn postemergence foliar treatment agent, the agent and the prevention and treatment of a broad spectrum effect is good, but the market reaction to the drug serious injury, this paper, the pharmaceutical injury symptoms, causes, preventive measures and phytotoxicity after remedial measures to do a brief overview of the application for the pharmaceutical technical guidance.

Chlorimuron ethyl(CAS NO: 90982-32-4) is currently the most widely used postemergence foliar treatment agent, suspending agent was 4% in corn 3-5 leaf stage, after a homogeneous basic weed foliage spray, 0.9-1.5 liters per hectare (equivalent to 36-60 g active ingredient / ha), can control crabgrass, goosegrass, foxtail, wild millet, redroot amaranth, quinoa, sedge weeds.

The agent is the uptake and sulfonylurea herbicides can be absorbed through the plant stems and roots and quickly xylem and phloem conduction, by inhibiting acetolactate synthase activity, impeding the synthesis of branched-chain amino acids, which affects plant cells division, so that weeds stop growing and eventually die.

After absorption of pharmaceutical weeds stop growing very quickly, usually in 4-5 days after spraying toxic symptoms appear, damage symptoms of heart leaf yellowing, chlorosis, leaf tip, leaf sheath purple. About 20 days of annual weeds killed more than 6 leaves perennial broadleaf weeds suppressed, stop growing, high doses can be fatal.

In recent years, some areas administered Chlorimuron ethyl, some maize varieties grown conventionally produced a more serious injury. Now on injury symptoms, a brief analysis causes.

Phytotoxicity symptoms

After spraying Chlorimuron ethyl 5-10d corn leaf chlorosis, yellow, or irregular chlorotic leaf spot in corn 3-5 leaf stage. Some leaves curling into a tubular shape, margin shrinkage, heart-shaped leaves oxtail, not normally draw. Corn growth was inhibited, plant height, and may have some profusion of secondary stems. Return to normal growth of the light injury, severe affecting production.

Cause injury

1. Excessive medication: fails to herbicide use as specified in doses of medication, mistaking increase the amount of the herbicidal effect can be increased, resulting in excessive drug use, high concentrations cause injury.

2. Improper medication: during the crop growth period with herbicide sensitivity varies. Chlorimuron ethyl general rhythm of corn postemergence use the 3-5 leaf stage, 2-leaf stage or less than 6 leaves, easy to produce injury.

3. Herbicide spraying inappropriate: the part of farmers lack of awareness on Herbicide, not in strict accordance with the instructions, five -leaf stage of corn in the summer is not directed spray after spraying, and even pesticides used simultaneously, a large number of liquid Shi Xiangyu m leaf artificially causing injury. Meanwhile, organophosphorus pesticide spraying corn ethyl Takatoshi sense to smoke, so with the use of organophosphorus pesticides intervals not exceeding 7 days, will produce injury.

4. Sprayer cleaning without a net: a soybean field Herbicide spray failed to timely and thorough cleaning, and then spraying it Chlorimuron ethyl, easy to produce injury on corn.

5. Sprayer poor performance or non-standard field operations: such as multi-nozzle spray nozzle flow is inconsistent, leaking, resulting in excessive localized spray volume. Spray when fighting drugs uneven spray rate link with overlap, resulting in excessive localized spray volume, but also easy to make corn suffer.

6. Weather Factor: corn growth stage low rainfall, high temperature and drought, easily impact on maize growth, corn slow growth, reduced resistance to herbicides, decomposition function to reduce phytotoxicity, many latent injury into explicit drug harm. After spraying, cold and rainy, less light, corn also prone to injury.

7. Individual maize varieties of tobacco itself ethyl Takatoshi sense such as sweet corn and burst varieties. Different types of corn resistance to the drug is different, the patience of the order of durum> General Type> Cape sweet> burst.

This article, we briefly discussed on injury symptoms and a brief analysis causes after using Chlorimuron ethyl. The next time I will given the appropriate response measures according the reasons.

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How to treat 3,4-Dichlorobenzotrifluoride leakage

Hazards of 3,4-Dichlorobenzotrifluoride

Hazard Class:  Class 6.1 （toxic chemicals）.

Pathways: inhaled, ingested, percutaneous absorption.

Health hazard: inhalation, ingestion or absorption through the skin after hazardous to health. It may stimulate eyes, skin, mucous membranes and upper Respiratory.

Environmental hazards: a hazard to the environment may cause pollution of water bodies.

Explosion Hazard: 3,4-Dichlorobenzotrifluoride(CAS NO: 328-84-7) is flammable.

FIRST AID MEASURES

Skin contact: Remove contaminated clothing, use soap and water thoroughly washed skin.

Eye contact: Did eyelid, mobile or saline irrigation water. See Doctor.

Inhalation: rapidly from the scene to fresh air. Keep the airway patency. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. See Doctor.

Ingestion: drink plenty of water, induce vomiting. See Doctor.

Fire measures

Hazardous characteristics: in case of fire, high-heat combustion caused the explosion. 3,4-Dichlorobenzotrifluoride may react with oxidants. Its vapor is heavier than air, gas heavy, spread to the lower Department of considerable local and met the fire will fire back. If 3,4-Dichlorobenzotrifluoride contacts with high fever, increased pressure within containers, may happen to cracking or explosion.

Hazardous combustion products: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride.

Fire fighting methods: as far as possible to move containers from the scene empty Department.

Extinguishing Media: Dry or dry sand.

Fire precautions and measures: firefighters are required to wear gas masks, body wear firefighting suits, and stand the wind direction to fire.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES

Withdrawal air leakage personnel to a safe area rapidly, and isolate and strict restrictions on access.

Cut off the fire source. We recommended that the emergency personnel should wear self-Pressurized respirators and protective clothing. Possible cut off the source of leakage. Preventing access to sewers, flood discharge trench so restrictive space. A small leak: activated carbon or other inert materials to absorb. You can also use non-flammable dispersant made of latex, wash, lotion diluted Add to the wastewater system. Large leak: to build a causeway or trenching asylum. Covered 3,4-Dichlorobenzotrifluoride with foam to suppress evaporation. Ex pump used to transfer tankers or exclusive collector, recycling or shipped to the waste disposal sites.

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What is 1,3-Dimethoxy benzene?

1,3-Dimethoxy benzene, which is also known as Dimethyl resorcinol, m-Dimethoxybenzene, Resorcinol dimethyl ether, Dimethylresorcinol, 3–Methoxyanisole, Dimethylether resorcinolu(Czech), 1,3-Dimethoxybenzeen, 1,3-Dimethoxybenzene and Dimethylether resorcinolu. The CAS NO of 1,3-Dimethoxy benzene is 205-783-4, MF is C8H10O2, MW is 138.1638.

The density of 1,3-Dimethoxy benzene is 1.055.  Boiling point is 85-87 ° C. Refractive index is 1.523-1.525, flash point is 87 ° C, and relative density is 1.005g/cm3.

1,3-Dimethoxy benzene is a kind of dangerous chemicals, we should know that the danger may exist in various parts of my body, and know some necessary self-help measures. Now, I will show you the Potential Health Effects and First Aid Measures of 1,3-Dimethoxy benzene.

Potential Health Effects

Eye: 1,3-Dimethoxy benzene may cause eye irritation. It may cause chemical conjunctivitis and corneal damage.

Skin: If you touch 1,3-Dimethoxy benzene accidentally, it may cause skin irritation, and may lead to cyanosis of the extremities.

Ingestion: Ingestion 1,3-Dimethoxy benzene accidentally, it may cause gastrointestinal irritation with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. The toxicological properties of 1,3-Dimethoxy benzene have not been fully investigated. It may cause respiratory tract irritation. The toxicological properties of 1,3-Dimethoxy benzene have not been fully investigated.

Inhalation: Can produce delayed pulmonary edema. Inhalation at high concentrations may cause CNS depression and asphixiation.

Chronic: Prolonged or repeated skin contact may cause dermatitis. Effects may be delayed. 

First Aid Measures

Eyes: Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid.

Skin: Get medical aid. Flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash clothing before reuse.

Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. If victim is conscious and alert, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical aid.

Inhalation: Remove from exposure and move to fresh air immediately. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical aid.

Notes to Physician: Treat symptomatically and supportively.

I hope this article can give you a little help, when you encounter 1,3-Dimethoxy benzene danger.

Frankie is the freelance writer for e-commerce website in the chemistry. Guidechem.com is just a place for you to look for some chemicals. Our guidechem provide the most convenient conditions for the international buyers and let these leads benefit all the business people. Guidechem chemical B2B network provides information on china and global chemical market quotation and relative chemical Information. Guidechem Chemical Network providing the most complete information of the chemical industry.

Application of povidone

Povidone in medicine is widely used for international advocacy. Povidone is one of the three major pharmaceutical new excipients. The most widely used are tablets, granules binder. Povidone is also used as the capsule glidants, eyedrops to agents and lubricants, solubilizers injections, liquids dispersants, enzymes and drugs thermal stabilizer.

Povidone (CAS NO: 9003-39-8) iodine can be used with PVP-I synthesis sanitizers. In contact lenses, Povidone ingredient as contact lenses, to increase its hydrophilicity. Povidone can also be used in medicine cryopreservation agent. Povidone K30, positive income Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2000 edition, PVP income USP 26 edition.

In the cosmetics industry:

Povidone series can be used as dispersing agents in the cosmetic industry, film formers, thickeners, lubricants and adhesives for hair care products such as hair sprays, mousses, hair styling gels, shampoos, fixed hair liquid, hair dyes; skin care products such as lipstick, sunscreen, moisturizer and other cosmetic products, such as modifying agents, deodorants, toothpastes.

Pharmaceutical industry:

PVPK30 (pharmaceutical grade) is one pharmaceutical synthesis of new materials, it can be used as tablets, granules binder, solvent and co-injection stabilizers, glidants capsules, liquids, and a coloring agent dispersing agents, enzymes and drugs thermal stabilizers, co-precipitation of insoluble drug agents, ophthalmic agents and lubricants to the coating film and the like, using PVP as pharmaceutical excipients have hundreds. Pharmaceutical grade PVPK30 has obtained China National Pharmaceutical regulatory approval.

Other industrial uses:

Povidone can be used as paints and coatings, plastics, resins, glass fibers, ink, ink, adhesives, detergents, photographic film, tablet, television picture tubes, producing syrup, tape, disinfectant, paper, textile printing and dyeing industry as a dispersing agent, film-forming agents and emulsifiers and other additives.

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Benzyl benzoate emulsion

Benzyl benzoate is the ester of benzyl alcohol and benzoic acid, with the formula C6H5CH2O2CC6H5. The CAS NO of Benzyl benzoate is 120-51-4. This easily prepared compound with a mild balsamic odor has a variety of uses.

This colorless liquid is formally the condensation product of benzoic acid and benzyl alcohol. It can also be generated from benzaldehyde by the Tishchenko reaction.

Here are questions and answers about Benzyl benzoate emulsion; it may help you learn more information about Benzyl benzoate emulsion.

The questions are these: Ordinary non-ionic emulsifiers such as NP or TX series, AEO series, as well as heterogeneous ether series, Tween Span series can also be easily emulsion benzyl benzoate? That it can be emulsified into an emulsifier and water immiscible liquids?

First, I must to explain is that the emulsion is itself unstable energy state from the time and the length of time (to the time of existence in emulsion) may be a month or one year.

Then let’s talk about how to prolong the time of existence of benzyl benzoate emulsion. There are two aspects:

Firstly, the choice of emulsifier:

It depends on the material you choose the type of emulsifier. If the material in more oil components, the choice of oleophilic; otherwise, select the hydrophilicity. Of course, this choice is not a simple word can say Qing. Also consider ionic, non-ionic. Polarity ah, HLB value of what. Recommendations to reference materials based on your literature.

Secondly, after that what you must minder is the addition of an emulsifier mixture after the entire material particle size to be very small, small enough to your choice of emulsifiers with other materials to form water in oil, oil in water or a composite structure. To make the small particle size, it requires high energy input to smaller particles. That is referred to emulsification process. The general situation is by the action of high shear conducted. Particle size may need to be broken down to the nanoscale best.

Frankie is the freelance writer for e-commerce website in the chemistry. Guidechem.com is just a place for you to look for some chemicals. Our guidechem provide the most convenient conditions for the international buyers and let these leads benefit all the business people. Guidechem chemical B2B network provides information on china and global chemical market quotation and relative chemical Information. Guidechem Chemical Network providing the most complete information of the chemical industry.

What is free calcium oxide?

1. Light burning free calcium oxide

Instability or collapse due to the material quantity, out of the kiln skin, changes in fuel composition or flame or bad shape, so that part of, or even partially calcined raw material temperature is less than in the 1100 ~ 1200 ℃ low temperature of formation of free calcium oxide. Mainly in gluten and raw material powder wrapped sandwich clinker, cement stability harm they is not, but make clinker strength.

2. Once free calcium oxide (CAS NO: 1305-78-8)

They are in the ingredients calcium oxide component is too high, too thick or calcined raw material is poor, not present in the clinker with SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3 chemical reaction CaO. These CaO after calcination was "dead-burned state" compact structure, large crystals (10 ~ 20μm), the formation of water is very slow, usually takes three days to react significantly to the hardened cement solid phase took place after volume expansion (97.9% ), formed within the cement local expansion stress, to collapse deformation or cracking.

3. Secondary free calcium oxide

When firing the clinker cooler just slow or reducing atmosphere, C3S decomposition has become calcium oxide and C2S, or clinker alkali replace the C3S, C3A calcium oxide. Because they are freed again, and it is called secondary free calcium oxide, calcium oxide hydration slower kind of cement strength, stability has a certain influence.

4. Low free calcium oxide has the following negative:

In people attach great importance to the harmful effects of free calcium oxide is high, it is necessary to understand the disadvantages of free calcium oxide is too low:

⑴ the free calcium oxide is less than 0.5%, the clinker burning condition was too often, even a dead-burned. At this point the lack of activity of clinker quality, strength is not high.

⑵ the kiln bricks withstand high thermal loads and shorten its life.

⑶ To fully understand not only the free calcium oxide semi-quality indicators, it is an important relationship between the cost of cement production and economic indicators. Abroad, the information reported (ICR, 8/1989, P55): 0.1% lower clinker per free calcium oxide per kg of clinker heat consumption will increase 58.5 kJ (14 kcal); but with such a clinker grinding cement, cement mill system power consumption will increase by 0.5%, especially when the free calcium oxide content is less than 0.5% or less.

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National D-Glucitol Research and Test Center inaugurated

May 16, 2013, the National D-Glucitol Research Testing Center awarding ceremony was held in Shouguang City, Shandong Province. China Light Industry Federation of Environmental Science and Technology Department Director Yu Xuejun, China Fermentation Industry Association of Shouguang City, Shandong Province, Shi Wei Chen and Mayor Juran Yuxi inaugurated for the center .

D-Glucitol , also known as Sorbitol, is a sugar alcohol, which the human body metabolizes slowly. It can be obtained by reduction of glucose, changing the aldehyde group to a hydroxyl group. Most D-Glucitol(CAS NO:50-70-4) is made from corn syrup, but it is also found in apples, pears, peaches, and prunes. It is synthesized by D-Glucitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and converted to fructose by succinate dehydrogenase and D-Glucitol dehydrogenase. Succinate dehydrogenase is an enzyme complex that participates in the citric acid cycle.

At present, China D-Glucitol production scale ranks is first in the world, but there is no domestic fermentation industry monitoring and analysis in the field of professional bodies, D-Glucitol production also has no corresponding national standards. Establishment of a professional nature D-Glucitol detection technology research center, means that China's D-Glucitol research and testing work come into a standardized development phase.

The awarding company is the Shandong Tianli Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd which is the joint venture of Shandong Union Chemical Group, it is also the largest manufacturer of D-Glucitol in Asia, it has its own research center and met with Nanjing University, Xiamen University Joint established fermentation engineering laboratory and ether esters Chemical cleaner Production national Joint laboratory, it was assessed as national high-tech enterprises in 2011.

Chinese Fermentation Industry Association, Shi Wei Chen said he hopes that the awarding company can play leading role in the D-Glucitol Tianli Pharmaceutical industry to promote the use of advanced business equipment, complete testing means, and a more comprehensive analysis of detection and analysis capabilities, improve the level of detection technology industry promote industry testing and product standards, and guide D-Glucitol industry healthy, orderly and rapid development.

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What is Gemcitabine hydrochloride

Gemcitabine hydrochloride profile

Gemcitabine hydrochloride is used in combination with other chemotherapy drugs to treat cancer of the ovaries (cancer that begins in the female reproductive organs where eggs are formed) and breast cancer that has not improved or that has worsened after treatment with other medications.

Gemcitabine hydrochloride (CAS NO: 122111-03-9) is used in combination with other chemotherapy drugs to treat a type of lung cancer (non-small cell lung cancer; NSCLC) that has spread to other parts of the body and cannot be treated with surgery. Gemcitabine hydrochloride is also used to treat cancer of the pancreas that has spread to other parts of the body and has not improved or worsened after treatment with another medication. Gemcitabine hydrochloride is in a class of medications called antimetabolites. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells in your body.

Basic usages of Gemcitabine hydrochloride

Gemcitabine hydrochloride comes as a powder to be mixed with liquid to be injected over 30 minutes intravenously (into a vein) by a doctor or nurse in a medical facility. When Gemcitabine hydrochloride is used to treat ovarian or breast cancer, it is usually given on certain days every 3 weeks. When Gemcitabine hydrochloride is used to treat lung cancer it is usually given on certain days every 3 or 4 weeks. When Gemcitabine hydrochloride is used to treat cancer of pancreas it may be injected once every week. The length of treatment depends on the types of drugs you are taking, how well your body responds to them, and the type of cancer or condition you have. Your doctor may need to stop or delay your treatment if you experience certain side effects.

Ask your pharmacist or doctor for a copy of the manufacturer's information for the patient.

Other usages of Gemcitabinehydrochloride

Gemcitabine hydrochloride is also sometimes used to treat bladder cancer and cancer of the biliary tract (cancer in the organs and ducts that make and store bile, the liquid made by the liver). Talk to your doctor about the risks of using this medication for your condition.

This medication may be prescribed for other uses; ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information.

Before receiving Gemcitabine hydrochloride

1) Tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to Gemcitabine hydrochloride, any other medications, or any of the ingredients in Gemcitabine hydrochloride. Ask your pharmacist for a list of the ingredients.

2) Tell your doctor and pharmacist what other prescription and nonprescription medications, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking or plan to take.

3) Tell your doctor if you drink or have ever drunk large amounts of alcohol or if you have or ever had liver disease, including hepatitis, or kidney disease.

4) Tell your doctor if you have previously received or are currently receiving radiation therapy.

5) Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. If you become pregnant while receiving Gemcitabine hydrochloride, call your doctor. Gemcitabine hydrochloride may harm the fetus.

6) Tell your doctor if you are breast-feeding. You should not breast-feed while you are receiving Gemcitabine hydrochloride injection.

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Synbiotics probiotic supplement for children has been discovered containing vanillin

Recently, the synbiotics probiotic supplement for children has been discovered containing vanillin. The self-proclaimed "baby little sick, my mother worry less about" children's products quickly attracted the attention of many parents, vanillin is what? Would adversely affect children do?

Vanillin (CAS NO: 121-33-5) usually divided into methyl vanillin and ethyl vanillin. It is an edible spices, from the outside looks usually white or slightly yellow crystal, with vanilla aroma and rich milk, vanilla can be found in the seeds can also be synthetic.

Vanillin in the food industry is very widely used, can be used for the preparation of tea, chocolate, butter and so on. After years of experimental research, FAO and the World Health Organization (FAO / WHO) Joint Expert Committee established vanillin highest daily intake limit of 0-10 mg / kg body weight, while the European Food Safety Authority established maximum limits for the is 47 mg per day. And all that does not exceed the current limit under the premise of using vanillin, do not worry about security.

Some people may worry that, in case of overdose businesses add it? In fact, it is almost unfounded. Because, in the actual production under normal circumstances no one high-dose use of vanillin. Is the so-called extremes meet, just like many other flavors, like vanillin, used in small amounts will add flavor; but if used in excess, it is no longer the flavor, but the bitterness.

Since vanillin security can be reassuring, then why this "children's probiotic supplements" products will be investigated and dealt with it. In fact, it is primarily a violation of our laws.

According to China's current food additive standard (GB2760-2011), for 0-6 months baby infant formula does not add any food flavor, which naturally includes a stage of infant formula. However, for six months or older infants and infant formula foods, including diblock and triblock infant formula, it is allowed to use vanillin, ethyl vanillin and vanilla extract, which is three kinds of additives maximum allowable volume of 5 mg / 100 ml, 5 mg / 100 ml, and in accordance with production needs in moderation.

View synbiotics this food and found it prominently says children products, advertising language also suggests that the baby's food, then it includes infants 0-6 months. The product packaging is also clearly indicate the main raw material containing vanillin, but suitable for people in this column, but the product is marked "no."

In other words, this type of synbiotics children children's probiotic supplements do not apply to infants 0-6 months. In fact, if it is clearly written on the label on the label of this product is not suitable for infants 0-6 months, then there is no problem, you can normally sell.

Parents are more concerned or infants eat such products will not be harmful to it? In fact, this product although a violation of our regulations, but it does not mean that will have a direct impact on the child's body. Provisions of GB 0-6 months baby infant formula does not add vanillin, vanillin certainly not because infants have a direct physical harm. Infant formula should be only essential nutrients, vanillin no nutritional value, so there is no need to add. The present study found that the infant milk powder containing vanillin possible impact may affect primarily infants grow up right food choices, because the addition of vanillin more fragrant milk taste better, baby prefers to eat, long Great post may prefer sweet foods, their health is not adversely affected.

Want to learn more information about vanillin, you can access the guidechem.com. Guidechem.com is just a place for you to look for some chemicals. Guidechem provide the most convenient conditions for the international buyers and let these leads benefit all the business people. Guidechem chemical B2B network provides information on china and global chemical market quotation and relative chemical Information. Guidechem Chemical Network providing the most complete information of the chemical industry.

How to deal with the Perchlorethylene from dry cleaning machines

Members of the public to retrieve dry clothes smell after a while a faint scent, in fact, may have been unknowingly inhaled perchlorethylene, a known carcinogenic toxic gases. Hong Kong 400 old laundry dry cleaning machines have been in use at that emit toxic gases may be carcinogenic perchlorethylene. Hong Kong air contained perchlorethylene(CAS NO: 127-18-4) concentration, far beyond the United States 13 times the ideal standard, the Hong Kong Environmental Protection Department hopes to complete the legislation this year to Laundries in 5-7 years replace new dry-cleaning machines. Industry said that the government does not make funding, the cost of replacing dry cleaning machines will be passed on the public and makes dry cleaning fee may increase significantly.

EPD's latest data show that there are about 400 dry-cleaning machines, most of them near residential areas, of which 15% is located in the hotel. The Department Chief Environmental Officer Lin Guolin said that more advanced sealed dry-cleaning machine and the older half of each exhaust dry-cleaning machine, the government intends to step forward than foreign, were given the industry five to seven years of grace replacement, industry but also to meet certain emission standards, otherwise they will be prosecuted.

At present there are all dry-cleaning machines; only one new seal into the replacement model, the rest are not in line with the new legislation emission standards of the old models. The new dry-cleaning machine is equipped with activated carbon adsorption system, toxic gases perchlorethylene from the current eight thousand six hundred millionths nearly tenfold reduction units, namely three hundred millionths.

Excessive emissions of toxic gases perchlorethylene also attracted complaints from the public, the EPA last year received a total of six complaints about odor nuisance laundries, in 1998 there were eleven. In 1995 the Department conducted an informal survey and found that dry cleaners collar near places perchlorethylene concentration higher than the air content ranging from tens to hundreds of times, but Lin Guolin think that the public need not worry too much about.

For the industry to replace the specified period more than half of the total investment cost of the new dry-cleaning machines, will be a heavy burden. Industries have government requires low interest loans, but the government's response to the final legislative control is disappointing and is expected after the end of the grace period will be two cases, one shop after another closed down, one whole row drastic increases will costs to consumers.

Employees working in the laundry more often than the general public exposure to perchlorethylene, operating for 28 years Jimmy laundry mirror Yao said the line has been circulating rumors dry oil is carcinogenic, but never worried about their health will be affected . He said that the dry cleaning process itself does not come into contact with dry gases liberated oil, and dry cleaning machines will only exhaust gases evaporate outside the shop, I believe in the shop working and the inhalation of harmful gases.

He pointed out, dry cleaning machines generally available on more than a decade, and its on-site dry cleaning machine only took three years, if it must be replaced will be very wasteful. Currently, the new dry-cleaning machines are worth nearly 30 million yuan, for the "small business", 30 million yuan is a heavy burden in terms of the laundry. He hoped that the Government allows the shop there is a need to replace the old machine when purchased new environmentally friendly dry-cleaning machines, rather than "knife machine" to force all the laundry "abandoning old and welcome."

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What is Sodium acetate?

The basic characters of sodium acetate

Sodium acetate molecular formula: C2H3NaO2

Molecular weight: 82.03 sodium acetate

Sodium acetate point: 324 ℃

CAS NO: 127-09-3

Sodium acetate is a kind of colorless and tasteless Crystallization, it can be weathered in the air, and it is flammable. Sodium acetate is soluble in water, ether and ethanol. Sodium acetate trihydrate melting point is 58 ℃, relative density is 1.45, autoignition temperature is 607.2 ℃. In 123 ℃ to 3 molecules of water to obtain anhydrous sodium acetate. Sodium acetate anhydrous melting point is 324 ℃, relative density is 1.528.

Production method of sodium acetate

Calcium acetate and Soda by the metathesis reaction, into sodium acetate, the reaction solution was concentrated to 26 ° Be, plus active carbon and then cooling and crystallization, centrifugal separation derived products. When the time required to obtain anhydrous sodium acetate, sodium acetate will re-melt crystallization, vacuum filter, crystal liquor on the stainless steel tank and cooled and then centrifuged; suction filtration; drying, heating electricity so crystal dehydration, drying, dry goods. Acetic acid and caustic soda can also be used directly by the reaction of sodium acetate.

Sodium acetate purposes

Esterification agent for organic synthesis and photography medicines, pharmaceutical, printing and dyeing mordant, buffer, chemical reagent, meat preservation, pigments, leather tanning and many other aspects. It can be also used to produce a variety of chemical products, such as furan acrylic acid, acetic acid esters and the like. The product as seasonings buffer, ease the bad odor and prevent discoloration, a certain antifungal effect. Sodium acetate is also used for sauces, pickles, mayonnaise, fish cake, sausage, bread, sticky cakes and other sour agent. Sodium acetate mixed with methyl cellulose, phosphate for improving sausage, bread, such as the preservation of sticky cake.

Finally, what I want to minder you is that there are three levels of anhydrous sodium acetate, Pharmaceutical grade, food grade, industrial grade. Food should be used for food-grade.

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Resveratrol in red wine

British scientists behind the study concluded that red wine has powerful antioxidant ability of resveratrol and quercetin can be used as an anti-inflammatory agent that new. However resveratrol from red wine is too expensive, scientists will compare the benefits of resveratrol with its valueo and essence, the effect is still skeptical.

The team from Imperial College London confirmed that resveratrol (CAS NO: 501-36-0) has extensive anti inflammation ability, they also found that resveratrol has potential application in chronic pulmonary obstruction (COPD), asthma and even the treatment of arthritis. But they emphasized clinically dispensing and administration ways remains a problem.

Resveratrol in red wine has long been considered relationship with the "French paradox", the so-called French paradox that the French eat high fat diet a lot, but the incidence of cardiovascular disease not along with the increase of dietary status, because eating is not the matched results therefore, known as the "paradox" or "contradiction". Grape skin and Mei Zi (plum) can extract the polyphenol compounds, although there is still considerable controversy about the student body activity of these antioxidants, the product is available in the market.

The Louise team has examined Donnelly resveratrol products commercially available, they find that it is not of high purity, taking value debatable. This compound bioavailability problems mainly come from the resveratrol which can only soluble in some solvents, such as alcohol, the liver can be rapidly metabolized.

But the research team Imperial Academy of Sciences indeed found that resveratrol promotes human tracheal epithelial release anti-inflammatory substances.

Results of the study published in the anti-inflammatory mediator, they also contain some reaction may transfer, such as estrogen and glucocorticoid receptors. This means that the preparation has the potential for inflammatory diseases, especially those with Glucocorticoid therapy of diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, steroid resistant asthma and arthritis.

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Classify Sodium Carbonate

Sodium carbonate: one of the most important raw materials of chemical industry, widely used in glass, chemical industry (caustic soda, sodium nitrate, cleaning agent, softening hard water), petrochemical, metallurgical industry, also used in paper making, textile, printing and dyeing, soap, leather, food, medicine, film, light industry etc.

The molecular formula of Sodium carbonate is Na2CO3 , the molecular weight is 106, and the CAS NO is 497-19-8.

We usually classify sodium carbonate into industrial Sodium carbonate, heavy Sodium carbonate, edible sodium carbonate with different standards.

1.    Industrial Sodium carbonate GB 210-92III

Total alkalinity (Na2CO3) ---99.2% MIN

Chloride (NaCL) -----0.70% MAX

Iron (Fe) content in -----------0.004% MAX

Water insoluble matter content of ------------0.04% MAX

Loss on ignition ------------------0.8% MAX

2.    Heavy Sodium carbonate GB 210-1992

Total alkalinity (Na2CO3) --------99.1% MIN

Chloride --------------------0.70% MAX

Iron (Fe) content in --------------0.004% MAX

Water insoluble matter content of -------------0.04% MAX

Loss on ignition ---------------------0.8% MAX

Bulk density (g/cm) -------------0.90 MIN

Sieve (180um) -----------70.0% MIN

3.    Edible sodium carbonate GB 1886-1992

Total alkalinity (Na2CO3) -------99.2% MIN

Chloride (NaCl) ----0.70% MAX

The iron content of (Fe) -----0.004% MAX

Water insoluble matter content of ------------0.04% MAX

Heavy metal (Pb) ---------0.001% MAX

Loss on ignition------------------0.8% MAX

Arsenic (As) -----------0.0002% MAX

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How to check Magnesium carbonate

Magnesium carbonate is a kind of white granular powder; odorless, almost tasteless. Magnesium carbonate is almost insoluble in water, but can make the water into a weak alkaline, not soluble in ethanol, can bubble dissolved in dilute acid.

The classical differential method：

Take proper amount of magnesium carbonate (CAS NO: 13717-00-5), with dilute hydrochloric acid or bubble dissolution, reaction solution of magnesium salt (Chinese Pharmacopoeia 1995 two Appendix III).

Chloride identification：

Taking 0.2g magnesium carbonate, plus nitric acid 0.4ml and the amount of water to dissolve, to check the (Chinese Pharmacopoeia 1995 edition two appendix VIII A), compared with the standard was prepared from sodium chloride solution 7.0ml, not more concentrated (0.035%).

Sulfate identification：

Taking magnesium carbonate with hydrochloric acid 0.1g, 1ml and amount of water dissolved, diluted with water to 25ml, then 10ml solution, according to inspection (Chinese Pharmacopoeia 1995 two appendix VIII B), compared with standard potassium sulfate solution was prepared from 3.0ml, and not more concentrated (0.75%).

Calcium oxide identification：

Taking magnesium carbonate is about 1g, accurately weighed, according to method of magnesium oxide under the (Chinese Pharmacopoeia 1995 two 733 pages containing calcium oxide) examination, shall not exceed 0.6%.

Soluble salts identification：

Taking 1g magnesium carbonate, add 50ml of water, boil 5 minutes, filtration, the filtrate is evaporated to dryness on the water bath, and drying at 105 deg.c for 1 hours, remaining residue shall not be too 10mg.

Identification of hydrochloride：

Taking 2g magnesium carbonate, add 75ml of water, then add a small amount of hydrochloric acid with time, added with stirring, to no longer dissolved, boil for 5 minutes, filter, filter residue is washed with water to wash, no significant response to chloride, ignition to constant weight, remaining residue shall not be too 2mg.

Iron identification：

Taking 0.25g magnesium carbonate, diluted nitric acid 5ml, boil for 1 minutes, let cool, dilute with water to 35ml, to check the (Chinese Pharmacopoeia 1995 edition two appendix VIII G), compared with standard iron solution was prepared from 5.0ml, shall not be deeper (0.02%).

Identification of heavy metals：

Taking 0.5g magnesium carbonate with dilute hydrochloric acid, 5ml and 10ml of water, boil 5 minutes, cooling, filtration, the filtrate with phenolphthalein indicator solution 1 drops of ammonia solution to the solution and amount of light red, light and acetate buffer (pH3.5) 2ml and the amount of water to 25ml, 0.5g and ascorbic acid, dissolved, inspection in accordance with law (Chinese Pharmacopoeia 1995 edition two appendix VIII H first law), placed 5 minutes than color, containing heavy metals shall not exceed thirty ppm.

Identification of arsenic salt：

Taking 0.4g magnesium carbonate with hydrochloric acid, 5ml and water 23ml, dissolved, according to inspection (Chinese Pharmacopoeia 1995 two appendix VIII J first law), should accord with the regulations (0.0005%).

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The Clinical Pharmacology of Carbamazepine

In controlled clinical trials, Carbamazepine has been shown to be effective in the treatment of psychomotor and grand mal seizures, as well as trigeminal neuralgia.

Mechanism of Action

Carbamazepine has demonstrated anticonvulsant properties in rats and mice with electrically and chemically induced seizures. It appears to act by reducing polysynaptic responses and blocking the post-tetanic potentiation. Carbamazepine (CAS NO: 298-46-4) greatly reduces or abolishes pain induced by stimulation of the infraorbital nerve in cats and rats. It depresses thalamic potential and bulbar and polysynaptic reflexes, including the linguomandibular reflex in cats. Carbamazepine is chemically unrelated to other anticonvulsants or other drugs used to control the pain of trigeminal neuralgia. The mechanism of action remains unknown.

The principal metabolite of Carbamazepine, Carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide, has anticonvulsant activity as demonstrated in several in vivo animal models of seizures. Though clinical activity for the epoxide has been postulated, the significance of its activity with respect to the safety and efficacy of Carbamazepine has not been established.

Pharmacokinetics

In clinical studies, Carbamazepine suspension, conventional tablets, and extended-release tablets delivered equivalent amounts of drug to the systemic circulation. However, the suspension was absorbed somewhat faster, and the extended-release tablet slightly slower, than the conventional tablet. The bioavailability of the extended-release tablet was 89% compared to suspension.

Following a b.i.d. dosage regimen, the suspension provides higher peak levels and lower trough levels than those obtained from the conventional tablet for the same dosage regimen. On the other hand, following a t.i.d. dosage regimen, Carbamazepine suspension affords steady-state plasma levels comparable to Carbamazepine tablets given b.i.d. when administered at the same total mg daily dose.

Following a b.i.d. dosage regimen, Carbamazepine extended-release tablets afford steady-state plasma levels comparable to conventional Carbamazepine tablets given q.i.d., when administered at the same total mg daily dose. Carbamazepine in blood is 76% bound to plasma proteins. Plasma levels of Carbamazepine are variable and may range from 0.5 to 25 mcg/mL, with no apparent relationship to the daily intake of the drug. Usual adult therapeutic levels are between 4 and 12 mcg/mL. In polytherapy, the concentration of Carbamazepine and concomitant drugs may be increased or decreased during therapy, and drug effects may be altered (see PRECAUTIONS, Drug Interactions).

Following chronic oral administration of suspension, plasma levels peak at approximately 1.5 hours compared to 4 to 5 hours after administration of conventional Carbamazepine tablets, and 3 to 12 hours after administration of Carbamazepine extended-release tablets. The CSF/serum ratio is 0.22, similar to the 24% unbound Carbamazepine in serum. Because Carbamazepine induces its own metabolism, the half-life is also variable. Autoinduction is completed after 3 to 5 weeks of a fixed dosing regimen. Initial half-life values range from 25 to 65 hours, decreasing to 12 to 17 hours on repeated doses.

Carbamazepine is metabolized in the liver. Cytochrome P450 3A4 was identified as the major isoform responsible for the formation of Carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide from Carbamazepine. After oral administration of 14C-Carbamazepine, 72% of the administered radioactivity was found in the urine and 28% in the feces. This urinary radioactivity was composed largely of hydroxylated and conjugated metabolites, with only 3% of unchanged Carbamazepine.

The pharmacokinetic parameters of Carbamazepine disposition are similar in children and in adults. However, there is a poor correlation between plasma concentrations of Carbamazepine and Carbamazepine dose in children. Carbamazepine is more rapidly metabolized to Carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide (a metabolite shown to be equipotent to Carbamazepine as an anticonvulsant in animal screens) in the younger age groups than in adults. In children below the age of 15, there is an inverse relationship between CBZ-E/CBZ ratio and increasing age (in one report from 0.44 in children below the age of 1 year to 0.18 in children between 10 to 15 years of age).

The effects of race and gender on Carbamazepine pharmacokinetics have not been systematically evaluated.

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Povidone used in the treatment of Chyluria

Indications of Povidone and Chyluria

Povidone is a solution that is used prior to surgery to sterilize the site of incision. Povidone itself is used to disperse or suspend a compound.

Povidone is completely soluble in cold and mild-warm water, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, and glycerol. Its stability in solution is much greater than that of tincture of iodine or Lugol's solution. Its CAS NO is 9003-39-8.

It was discovered at the Industrial Toxicology Laboratories in Philadelphia by H. A. Shelanski and M. V. Shelanski. They carried out tests in vitro to demonstrate anti-bacterial activity, and found that the complex was less toxic than tincture of iodine in mice. Human clinical trials showed the product to be superior to other iodine formulations. It was first sold in 1955, and has since become the universally preferred iodine antiseptic.

Chyluria is a recurrent problem in tropical countries; the disease is characterized by remission and exacerbation. The outpatient procedure commonly used is the endoscopic instillation of silver nitrate into the chylous effluxing ureter, where it acts as a sclerosant. Although the procedure enjoys wide popularity, it is not without attendant side-effects like pain and interstitial nephritis. To circumvent these problems, we used povidone iodine as a sclerosant.

Methods for the treatment of Chyluria

Povidone iodine is an iodine complex with the non-ionic surfactant polymer polyvinyl pyrrolidone; it is water-soluble and releases iodine slowly. Povidone iodine 0.2% (0.02% iodine w/v) for use as a sclerosant in treating chyluria is prepared as a 1:5 dilution of stock solution (2 mL of 5% povidone iodine plus 8 mL of distilled water) in distilled water.

Five patients have been treated to date; all underwent a routine physical examination and all tested positively for chyle in the urine. None of the patients had bacterial growth from urine samples in culture and all had normal renal functional values, albumin:globulin ratio and normal findings on IVU. Cystoscopy revealed chylous efflux from the left ureteric orifice in three patients and from the right in two. About 8–10 mL of povidone iodine was instilled using a ureteric catheter. All five patients were free of symptoms after 6 months of follow-up.

Advantages of Using Povidone iodine

Povidone iodine has the following advantages; it provides a nontoxic, non-irritating, nonvolatile and nonstaining form of iodine; it has local sclerosant action as well as antiseptic, antibacterial and antifungal actions; it is cheap and easily available; and it is easy to dilute to the required concentration. There were no complications after instillation, e.g. pain, fever, sepsis and interstitial nephritis.

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