Research on 6-Methoxyindole

The IUPAC name of 6-Methoxyindole is 6-methoxy-1H-indole. With the CAS registry number 3189-13-7, it is also named as 1H-Indole, 6-methoxy-. The product's categories are Blocks; Indoles Oxindoles; Indole / Indoline / Oxindole; Indole and Indoline; Pharmacetical; Pyrroles & Indoles; Indoles; Indole Series; Simple Indoles; Indole; Pyrroles Indoles; Building Blocks; Heterocyclic Building Blocks. Besides, it is white shiny crystals, which should be stored in closed, cool and dry place. It is light sensitive. In addition, its molecular formula is C9H9NO and molecular weight is 147.18.

Apart from theab initio predicted energy ordering, ad-ditional evidence regarding the question, if the observed statehas characteristics of an Laor Lb state, is the orientation of the TDM vector. According to the experimental findings the sign ofθis positive and hence the observed state is Lb-like. The ab initio calculations, however, predictθto be negative what would be a signature of an 1La state. We have shown recently that the orientation of the TDM in special cases extremely depends on the geometry of the electronic states involved.

This is also the case for 6-Methoxyindole(CAS NO:3189-13-7). The contributions to the La and the Lb are heavily mixed for both states which is also mir-rored by the excited state geometry of the S1. Slight geometry changes might influence the relative influence of contributions and thus have a pronounced effect on the electronic nature of the respective states. Therefore, we believe that the quite dif-ferent orientation in the ab initio calculation compared to the experiment might be a consequence of vibrational averaging of the equilibrium structure.

From the experimental point of view, the interpretation of the results is less ambiguous. A strong evidence for a pos-itive sign ofθ, and hence for the 1Lb, is the orientation of the TDM vector from the spectra of the deuterated species. In total 7 spectra were analyzed and for all of themθcould be determined with high accuracy. The correct assignment of the spectra to the respective isotopomers is based on the ro-tational constants and supported by the additivity of the zero point energy shifts and the TDM orientation. Further experi-mental results pointing towards the S1 being the 1Lb,arethe excitation energies of the lowest two excited singlet states. 

In 5-methoxyindole, the energetic gap between 1Lband 1La in-creases to 3088 cm−1 compared to indole. This is mainly due to a strong redshift of the 1Lb state, while the 1La is not influenced significantly. As shown in a number of stud-ies the energetic position of the 1La state is not perturbed much by methyl- or methoxy substituents and from linear dichroism measurements it is known that in 6-Methoxyindole the en-ergetic gap is of the same magnitude. With this in view, it is rather unlikely that changing the position of the methoxy group from 5 to 6 results in a dramatic redshift of the 1La, while the 1Lb is shifted to the same extent to higher en-ergies. Interestingly, the ab initio excitation energies are in good agreement with the experiment, in spite of the other discrepancies.

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Before using Diethylamine salicylate

Diethylamine (DEA) is a secondary amine which belongs to the class of dialkylamines. It’s produced from Bio-Ethanol, a renewable resource. It is a versatile intermediate with a variety of applications. 

Diethylamine is used for the production of Diethylaminoethanole, a product used mainly in water treatment as corrosion inhibitor, for the production of DEET, a very well known insect repellent, for the production of rubber chemicals (e.g. Tetraethyl thiuram disulphide), for the production of hydroxylamine and various other chemicals and active pharma ingredients.

In medicine, Diethylamine(CAS NO:109-89-7) salicylate is widely used, it is used to treat muscular aches, sprains, and strains. It contains a mixture of ingredients that have a warming and pain-relieving effect that can help treat these types of conditions.

Before using Diethylamine salicylate, something you should know. Diethylamine may not be suitable for everyone and some people must never have it. Check the leaflet that comes with your medicine to make sure that the medicine is suitable before having it.

Always get advice from a healthcare professional before having Diethylamine(CAS NO:109-89-7) if you are allergic or sensitive to or have had a reaction to any of the ingredients in the medicine, to aspirin, or to other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines. This medicine is for a child under six years of age, you have broken skin in the area that needs treatment, you have epilepsy or a history of convulsions, you have or have a history of asthma.

If you are taking more than one medicine they may interact with each other. Before using this medicine consult your doctor or pharmacist if you are using, taking or have recently taken any other medicines including vitamins, supplements and herbal or complementary preparations.

Most medicines can cause some side-effects but not everyone having the same medicine will get the same side-effects. The following side-effects have been associated with people having this medicine: skin irritation, rashes, redness, burning, or discomfort - stop using this medicine if excessive irritation or unwanted effects occur.

If you are trying to become pregnant or are pregnant you should seek medical advice before using this medicine. This medicine is not recommended for women who are breast-feeding.

Make sure that you read the leaflet that comes with your medicine to check what dose you should apply and if there is anything that you need to do if you apply more than the recommended dose. If you are in any doubt about whether Diethylamine is suitable for you, speak to your doctor or pharmacist.

Diethylamine is for external use only. Do not get this medicine in your eyes or use it on areas of sensitive skin. Wash your hands well after using this medicine. Keep all medicines out of the sight and reach of children. Diethylamine may be available under brand names including Algesal.

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3-Bromothiophene’s information

Chemical Name:3-Bromothiophene

Synonyms:3-bromo-thiophen;b-Bromothiophene;3-Bromothiophene;3-THIENYL BROMIDE;BROMOTHIOPHENE(3-);thiophene,3-bromo-;3-Bromothiophene99%;TIMTEC-BB SBB003931;TIMTEC-BB SBB003930
CBNumber:CB7196229
Molecular Formula:C4H3BrS
Formula Weight:163.04
PHYSICAL STATE: clear colourless to slightly yellow liquid
CAS NO. : 872-31-1
EINECS NO.: 212-821-3

3-Bromothiophene also known as thiofuran, is a cyclic compound containing four carbon atoms and one sulfur atom in the ring. Thiophene is an analog to furan and pyrrole where the sulfur atom is replaced by O and NH respectively.

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Information one

3-Bromothiophene
Updatetime:Nov 25 2013
Purity:98.00% Min. Order:10/Gram Supply Ability:230 Month/Kilogram
DetailDesc: Appearance: clear to pale yellow liquid Molecular Weight: 163.03 Density: 1.74 Boiling Point: 150-158℃ Melting Point: -10 Flash Point: 56℃ Storage Temperature: 0-6°C Refractive index: 1.5905-1.5925 Solubility: Immiscible in water Stability: Stable under normal temperatures...
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Information two

3-BROMO THIOPHENE
Updatetime:Nov 26 2013
Min. Order:1/Gram Supply Ability:1 Month/Metric Ton
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3-Bromothiophene
Updatetime:Oct 17 2013
DetailDesc:Our company keeps the business tenet of “people first and customer esteemed” and the service principle of “superior quality, reasonable price, good faith”. We insist on the principle of win-win cooperation and would like to create brilliant future hand in hand with you!
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Updatetime:Oct 16 2013
Tel:86-21-12345678
Address:Lane No.36, Zhongke road 2195, Zhangjiang high-tech park, Pudong new area Shanghai, China
Introduction:Founded by a group of veterans from the US biopharmaceutical industry in 2010, P&T is now a leading Shanghai-based CRO company providing drug discovery and development services worldwide. With our technical expertise and excellent research facilities, we offer broad and integrated chemical synthesis (custom synthesis, library design and synthesis), medicinal chemistry (hit generation, lead opt...

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The assessment of Methyl disulfide on human health

Methyl disulfide is an organic chemical compound with the molecular formula CH3SSCH3 which is the simplest disulfide. It is a flammable liquid with an unpleasant, garlic-like odor. The CAS NO is 624-92-0.

Methyl disulfide is used as a food additive in onion, garlic, cheese, meats, soups, savory flavors, and fruit flavors. Industrially,it is used in oil refineries as a sulfiding agent. It is also an effective soil fumigant in agriculture, registered in many states in the U.S. as well as globally. In this capacity, it is an important alternative in replacing methyl bromide, which is being phased out. This pesticide is marketed as "Paladin" by Arkema.

The following assessment about human health was produced by staff within the Bureau of Toxic Substance Assessment at the New York State Department of Health (DOH): 

Acute toxicity studies conducted on the Paladin formulated product were used by the U.S. EPA  as representative of Methyl disulfide(CAS NO:624-92-0) since the end product is composed of approximately 99 percent of the active ingredient. In these acute studies, Paladin was moderately toxic to laboratory animals via the oral route of exposure, but not very toxic via the dermal and inhalation routes of exposure. Paladin was a moderate eye irritant, but not a dermal irritant or sensitizer. The Paladin EC formulated product (93.8 percent Methyl disulfide) was moderately acutely toxic via the oral route of exposure, but not very toxic via the dermal route of exposure. In addition, Paladin EC was a moderate eye and skin irritant (tested on rabbits). Acute inhalation toxicity and dermal sensitization studies were not conducted on the Paladin EC formulated product, but the U.S. EPA allowed the results for the Paladin product to bridge this data gap. 

Methyl disulfide caused some effects in special acute and subchronic inhalation toxicity studies in rats. In a 24-hour continuous inhalation exposure study, this active ingredient did not cause any systemic toxicity up to a dose level of 18 parts-per-million (ppm) Methyl disulfide, the highest dose tested. Port-of-entry effects were characterized by an increase in the incidence of microscopic lesions and degeneration of the nasal tissues as well as inflammation of the olfactory and respiratory epithelia at 12.5 ppm; the no-observed-effect-level was 9 ppm. Methyl disulfide caused port-of-entry effects of acute inflammation, degeneration and hyperplasia in the nasal tissues at 1-day and 5-days in a 1- and 5-day inhalation toxicity study (6 hours per day exposure) in rats at 50 ppm, the lowest dose tested. Systemic toxicity characterized by decreased body weights and body weight gains was observed at 50 ppm in the 5-day portion of this study. In a 13-week inhalation toxicity study in rats, systemic toxicity consisting of clinical signs of toxicity as well as decreased body weights, body weight gains and food consumption was observed at 50 ppm; the NOEL was 10 ppm. Methyl disulfide additionally caused port-of-entry effects including minimal to moderate atrophy and microcavitation of the olfactory epithelia and respiratory squamous metaplasia in the anterior nasal cavity at 10 ppm, the lowest dose tested. 

Methyl disulfide also caused some effects in acute and subchronic inhalation neurotoxicity studies in rats. In the acute study, port-of-entry effects included red deposits on the mouth in females at 200 ppm and closed eyelids in both sexes at 100 ppm, the lowest dose tested. Systemic effects in this study were characterized by decreased total session locomotor activity in males and decreased total session motor activity in females at 100 ppm. In the subchronic study, Methyl disulfide caused decreases in total motor activity and body weight in males and decreases in overall body weight gain and food consumption in both sexes at 80 ppm; the NOEL was 20 ppm. Port-of-entry effects were characterized by degeneration of the nasal olfactory epithelium at 20 ppm; the NOEL was 5 ppm. 

Methyl disulfide caused some developmental toxicity in the offspring of pregnant rats, but not pregnant rabbits, exposed via inhalation to this chemical during organogenesis. In rats, maternal toxicity consisting of rough haircoat and decreased body weight, weight gain and food consumption occurred at a concentration of 50 ppm; the NOEL was 15 ppm. Developmental toxicity characterized by decreased fetal body weights and multiple skeletal developmental retardations was observed at a maternal concentration of 50 ppm; the NOEL was 15 ppm. Port-of-entry effects were not reported for this study, so a NOEL could not be established for this endpoint. In rabbits, neither maternal systemic effects nor developmental toxicity was observed at concentrations up to 135 ppm, the highest dose tested. Port-of entry effects consisting of macroscopic lung lesions (dark red discoloration) were observed at all concentrations including 15 ppm, the lowest dose tested. Methyl disulfide did not cause any reproductive effects in a two-generation reproduction study in rats up to concentrations of 80 ppm, the highest dose tested. Parental toxicity consisting of decreased body weight, body weight gain and food consumption occurred in F1 males at 20 ppm; the NOEL was 5 ppm.

The carcinogenic potential of Methyl disulfide has not been evaluated. Neither chronic toxicity nor carcinogenicity studies have been conducted on this active ingredient via oral or inhalation routes of exposure. However, Methyl disulfide was negative in a number of genotoxicity studies and the U.S. EPA has stated that a cancer assessment is not warranted at this time given these results. 

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Paclobutrazol used in farm

Paclobutrazol is a triazole type plant growth retardant which blocks gibberellin biosynthesis and are involved in reducing abscisic acid, ethylene and indole-3-acetic acid while increasing cytokinin levels. It promotes fruit set in the states of inhibited development . It is also known that it protect plants against abiotic stresses. 

Uniconazol is another triazole type plant growth retardant. Though each plant hormone evokes many different specific biochemical, physiological, or morphological responses, the effects of different hormones overlap and may be stimulatory or inhibitory to regulate plant development and growth. 

Paclobutrazol(CAS NO:76738-62-0), it can be classified as the growth retardants, which can be sub-classified as gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitors or compounds which are not involved in inhibiting gibberellin biosynthesis. abscisic acid, cimetacarb, daminozide, dikegulac, maleic hydrazide, mefluidide, and morphologically active substances (morphactins: chlorfluren, chlorflurenol, dichlorflurenol, flurenol).

For Trees and Shrubs

Paclobutrazol(CAS NO:76738-62-0) is used by arborists to reduce shoot growth and has been shown to have additional positive effects on trees and shrubs. It is used to improve their resistance to drought stress, darker green leaves, higher resistance against fungi and bacteria, and enhanced development of roots. Cambial growth, as well as shoot growth, has been shown to be reduced in some tree species.

Paclobutrazol is absorbed by roots and stems, and to a lesser extent, by leaves. Therefore, it can be applied as a spray, sprench, drench, or bulb or young-plant dip. Sprays are more effective when they penetrate plant canopies so that there is contact with stems. Plants absorb paclobutrazol with 30 minutes, and so crops can be watered relatively soon after PGR application without losing efficacy. Once absorbed, the products have a fairly long residual effect, so they are often used on aggressive bedding plants and herbaceous perennials, as well as potted flowering plants such as poinsettia. In addition, paclobutrazol is used as a spray on some vigorous plug and liner crops, especially during periods of warm weather.

For Aggressive Crops

Early paclobutrazol applications are desirable once roots have reached the pot edges, typically seven to 10 days after transplant. Growers are encouraged to perform their own trials to determine appropriate rates for their growing conditions and specific crops. The effects are strongly recommended.

A wide range of paclobutrazol concentrations are used on floriculture crops. Factors that influence appropriate rates include the crop, the magnitude of the response desired, crop maturity, volume of application and growing climate. A paclobutrazol spray at 5 to 10 ppm can be appropriate for bedding plants with moderate vigor, whereas at least twice that may be needed for aggressive crops, especially when grown during the late spring. On aggressive herbaceous perennials, typical spray rates are 60 to 90 ppm. None of the products can legally be applied to vegetable or herb crops.


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Mancozeb has bad effects on our life and environment

Mancozeb is a multi-site inhibitor affecting various enzymes and other metabolic processes in fungi. It inhibits spore germination, and is toxic to fungal cell membranes. The Molecular Formula is C4H6MnN2S4, Molecular Weight is 541.074729, and the CAS NO is 8018-01-7.

Mancozeb is mainly used for field crops, fruits, vegetables, nuts, and commercial sod farms. Seed treatment for cereal grains, corn, cotton, flax, peanuts, potatoes, safflower, sorghum, and tomatoes.Trimastan for potato blight and Cercospera of sugar beets and celery. Fore for flowers, ornamental trees, shrubs, turf sod, and golf courses. Electis, Gavel and Roxam Combi for use on grapevines. Aderio, Valbon for use on potatoes.

Mancozeb(CAS NO:8018-01-7) is marketed by the trade names Dithane, Manzeb, Nemispot, and Manzane. It is used to protect many fruit, nut, and field crops from a wide spectrum of fungal diseases.The active ingredient, mancozeb, is a fungicide in a subclass of carbamate pesticides called dithiocarbamates. They have a similar action to carbamate insecticides except they affect the nervous system through their main metabolite, carbon disulfide.

Although Mancozeb is an important drug in farm, it has some bad effects on the environment and our health.

Toxicity to Humans

Mancozeb is a cholinesterase inhibitor and can therefore have affects to the nervous system. Symptoms of exposure include fatigue, headache, blurred vision, and nausea. At high doses exposed persons can have convulsions, slurred speech, confusion, and slowed heartbeat. In lower doses, mancozeb can also cause a skin rash if the chemical has contact with the skin. In one study, a vineyard worker developed a rash on the forearm as well as inflammation of the eyelids after handling seedlings which had been treated with mancozeb.

A major toxicological concern with respect to mancozeb and other dithiocarbamates is its primary metabolite, ethylenethiourea (ETU), shown to cause thyroid and carcinogenic effects in test animals. Mancozeb is listed as a chemical known by the State of California to cause cancer in humans. Many studies dating back to 1980 show that mancozeb can cross the placental barrier and induce or increase tumor incidence. A recent study shows that mancozeb and its metabolites are capable of crossing the placental barrier and can produce DNA damage and initiate tumors in fetal cells.

Risks to the Environment

Mancozeb, if applied to soil, will have a low mobility based on its high adsorption coefficient. If it is released into water, it will tend to adsorb to sediment and suspended solids. It has low soil persistence with a reported half-life of 1-7 days. Again, the primary concern with mancozeb is its spontaneous degradation to ethylenethiourea (ETU) in the presence of water and oxygen. ETU has a persistence of 5-10 weeks. While mancozeb is practically insoluble in water making it unlikely to contaminate groundwater, its metabolite, ETU, has the potential to be mobile in soils.

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Buy high quality 2,4-Dichloro-5-fluoroacetophenone in Guidechem

Basic properties of 2,4-Dichloro-5-fluoroacetophenone:
Molecular Formula: C8H5Cl2FO
Molecular Weight: 207.029103
Melting point: 33-36 C  
Boiling point:167 C
Flash point: >230 F 
Appearance: White to pale-yellow Crystal
Solubility: Insoluble
EINECS: C8H5Cl2FO
CAS Registry Number: 704-10-9

Suppliers information of 2,4-Dichloro-5-fluoroacetophenone on guidechem.com

Supplier 1:
Prpduct name:2,4-Dichloro-5-fluoroacetophenone
Updatetime:Nov 20 2013
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Updatetime:Nov 19 2013
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Supplier 3:
Prpduct name:2,4-Dichloro-5-fluoroacetophenone
Updatetime:Nov 19 2013
DetailDesc: CBNumber: CB6118080 Chemical Name: 2,4-dichloro-5-fluoroacetophenone Molecular Formula: C8H5Cl2FO Formula Weight: 207.03 CAS No.: 704-10-9 MOL File: Mol file
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3-Fluoroanisole suppliers in guidechem

The 3-Fluoroanisole, with the CAS registry number 456-49-5 and EINECS registry number 207-267-4, has the systematic name of 1-fluoro-3-methoxybenzene. It is a kind of clear colorless to straw yellow liquid, and belongs to the following product categories: Other fluorin-contained compounds; AnisoleSeries; Fluorobenzene; Anisoles, Alkyloxy Compounds & Phenylacetates; Fluorine Compounds; Ethers; Organic Building Blocks; Oxygen Compounds. And the molecular formula of this chemical is C7H7FO. 

It can react with phenylacetic acid to produce 1-(2-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-phenylethanone. This reaction will need reagent polyphosphoric acid (PPA). The reaction time is 2 hour with temperature of 40-70 C, and the yield is about 94%. What's more, it is usually used as intermediate of pesticide.

As an important chemical, the demand of 3-Fluoroanisole(CAS NO:456-49-5) is huge, here I arrange some supply information for you from guidechem.com. The suppliers are the Diamond members of guidechem. Ask for the Price information about 3-Fluoroanisole, you can call the numbers below the company information.

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Summary of 2',6'-Dihydroxyacetophenone

IUPAC Name: 1-(2,6-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethanone  

Molecular Weight: 152.14732 g/mol       Molecular Formula: C8H8O3 

Density: 1.291 g/cm3                   Melting Point: 156-158  C(lit.)

Boiling Point: 262.8 C at 760 mmHg        Flash Point: 127 C

Index of Refraction: 1.595                         Molar Refractivity: 40.04 cm3 

Molar Volume: 117.8 cm3                           Surface Tension: 56.1 dyne/cm 

Enthalpy of Vaporization: 52.08 kJ/mol     Vapour Pressure: 0.00656 mmHg at 25 C 

Solubility Dioxane: 50 mg/mL, clear       Water Solubility: sparingly soluble 

XLogP3-AA: 1.4                                        H-Bond Donor: 2 

H-Bond Acceptor: 3                                 Rotatable Bond Count: 1 

Tautomer Count: 12                                Exact Mass: 152.047344 

MonoIsotopic Mass: 152.047344          Topological Polar Surface Area: 57.5 

Heavy Atom Count: 11                              Canonical SMILES: CC(=O)C1=C(C=CC=C1O)O

InChI: InChI=1S/C8H8O3/c1-5(9)8-6(10)3-2-4-7(8)11/h2-4,10-11H,1H3 

CAS NO: 699-83-2                                 EINECS: 211-833-6 

Product Categories: FINE Chemical & INTERMEDIATES; Cromoglyn Sodium; Acetophenone series

Mainly uses: 
2',6'-Dihydroxyacetophenone (CAS NO.699-83-2) is used in organic synthesis. It is also used as pharmaceutical intermediates.

Handing and storage: 
Handling:Wash thoroughly after handling. Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Avoid ingestion and inhalation.
Storage: Store in a well closed container.

Potential Health Effects:
Harmful if swallowed. The toxicological properties of this material have not been investigated. Use appropriate procedures to prevent opportunities for direct contact with the skin or eyes and to prevent inhalation. Compound is Non-hazardous,Non-Toxic/Non-Flammable.

Engineering Controls:
Use adequate general or local exhaust ventilation to keep airborne concentrations below the permissible exposure limits.Use process enclosure, local exhaust ventilation, or other engineering controls to control airborne levels.

Personal Protective Equipment:
Eyes: Wear safety glasses and chemical goggles if splashing is possible.
Skin: Wear appropriate protective gloves and clothing to prevent skin exposure to 2',6'-Dihydroxyacetophenone.
Clothing: Wear appropriate protective clothing to minimize 2',6'-Dihydroxyacetophenone contact with skin.
Respirators: Wear a NIOSH/MSHA or European Standard EN 149 approved full-facepiece airline respirator in the positive pressure mode with emergency escape provisions.

Summary : 2',6'-Dihydroxyacetophenone (CAS NO.699-83-2) is also named as 1,3-Benzenediol, 2-acetyl-; 2,6-Dihydroxyacetophenone; 2-Acetylresorcinol ; NSC 615 ; Resorcinol, 2-acetyl- ; gamma-Resacetophenone;Acetophenone,2',6'-dihydroxy-(8CI);Ethanone,1-(2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)- (9CI) . 2',6'-Dihydroxyacetophenone (CAS NO.699-83-2) is yellowish-beige powder.

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The effects of Astragaloside IV

Ischemic heart disease is among the top causes of death in the world . PCI has currently been applied widely to deal with acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction and stable angina. Although PCI can restore  the blood flow in  myocardium rapidly, it does  not  reduce the risk of serious heart events because of reperfusion injury . Thus, strategy  to prevent reperfusion injury and improve PCI outcome is currently appealing in clinic.   

Here are some part of conclusions about Astragaloside IV ,it may give some suggestions to protect heart from ischemia and reperfusion injury via energy regulation mechanism.

Effect of Astragaloside IV on myocardial infarct size 

The effect of Astragaloside IV(CAS NO:84687-43-4) on myocardial infarct size at different doses was determined by Evans blue-TTC staining. As showing in the Figure 2A, the pink area represents ischemic myocardial tissue, the white area represents the infarction region, and the blue area represents normal myocardial tissue. We found that Astragaloside IV was effective  at the dose of 10 mg/kg,  and thus chose this dose for all the experiments below. The representative heart slices in I-30 min and I/R-90 min groups are shown in Figure 3A and Figure 3D, respectively. Obviously, myocardial tissue slices from I-30 min group exhibited ischemia but no infarct. 

By contrast, noticeable ischemia and infarct areas were observed in myocardial tissue slices in I/R-90 min group. As compared to I/R-90 min group, pretreatment with Astragaloside IV significantly decreased the I/R-90 min induced myocardial infarct size, but retained a similar area of ischemic region. As shown in Fig.3.B-C, E-F, quantitative analysis of AAR/ LV and infarct area/AAR confirmed the above results.   

Effect of Astragaloside IV on MBF 

Figure 4A shows the color images acquired by the Laser Scanning Doppler in the four groups at different time point. A prominent decrease in MBF occurred from 30 min after ischemia, and persisted till 90 min after reperfusion in I/R-group. Astragaloside IV pretreatment prevented MBF from decrease at 30 min ischemia, and this protective role remained by I/R-90 min. Figure 4B is the quantitative evaluation of MBF changes in the four groups, which confirmed the impression from Figure 4A.  

Effect of Astragaloside IV on heart function 

Heart function was assessed in different conditions to evaluate the role of Astragaloside IV in protecting heart against ischemia and reperfusion injury. As noticed in Fig.5, in comparison with Sham group, ischemia 30 min caused a significant decline in +dp/dtmax, and an apparent elevation in LVDP, LVEDP and -dp/dtmax, indicating an impairment on heart function. Reperfusion for 90 min led to a further decline in +dp/dtmax as well as a significant decrease in LVSP, and a sustained increase in -dp/dtmax, but did not deteriorate LVDP and LVEDP. The protective role of Astragaloside IV pretreatment for LVDP and LVEDP exhibited already at 30 min ischemia, but only at 90 min reperfusion for other parameters examined. No significant change was observed in heart rate in any group over the observation, nor among the groups at any time point (Fig.5A).  

In conclusion, Astragaloside IV pretreatment protected against myocardium injury and cardiac malfunction after I/R, which may be related to its potential to restore the  energy  metabolism disorder occurred in ischemia phase. The results provide support for Astragaloside IV as a novel therapeutic approach to protect against I/R-induc ed myocardial injury. In addition, the results of present study opened an avenue for development of new drug to cope with cardiac I/R injury by targeting energy metabolism.

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The properties of 3-fluoropyridine

3-fluoropyridine, also called azabenzene and azine, is a heterocyclic aromatic tertiary amine characterized by a six-membered ring structure composed of five carbon atoms and a nitrogen which replace one carbon-hydrogen unit in the benzene ring (C5H5N). The CAS NO. is 372-47-4, EINECS NO. is 206-755-4, FORMULA is C5H4FN, MOL WT. is 97.09. 

The simplest member of the pyridine family is 3-fluoropyridine itself. It is colorless, flammable, toxic liquid with a unpleasant odor, miscible with water and with most organic solvents, boils at 115 C. Its aqueous solution is slightly alkaline. Its conjugate acid is called pyridinium cation, C5H5NH+, used as a oxidation agent for organic synthesis.

 3-fluoropyridine is a base with chemical properties similar to tertiary amines. Nitrogen in the ring system has an equatorial lone pair of electrons, that does not participate in the aromatic pi-bond. Its aqueous solution is slightly alkaline. It is incompatible and reactive with strong oxidizers and strong acids, and reacts violently with chlorosulfonic acid, maleic anhydride, oleum, perchromates, b-propiolactone, formamide, chromium trioxide, and sulfuric acid. 

Liquid 3-fluoropyridine(CAS NO:372-47-4) easily evaporates into the air. If it is released to the air, it may take several months to years until it breaks down into other compounds. Usually, 3-fluoropyridine is derived from coal tar or synthesized from other chemicals, mainly acetaldehyde and ammonia. 3-fluoropyridine compounds are found in nature. 

For example, nicotine from tobacco, ricinine from castor bean, pyridoxine or vitamin B and P products, alkaloids (such as coniine, piperine and nicotine), and etc. Some 3-fluoropyridine compounds consumed largely are:

Picoline : Three structural isomers of methyl 3-fluoropyridines (alpha, beta, gamma- positions)
Lutidine : Six structural isomers of dimethyl 3-fluoropyridines (2,3-, ,24-, 2,5-, 2,6-, 3,4-, 3,5- positions)
Collidine : Three structural isomers of trimethyl 3-fluoropyridines (2,3,5-, 2,3,6-, 2,4,6- positions)
Pyrimidine: 3-fluoropyridine alteration containing nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3
Piperidine: Hexahydro3-fluoropyridine (saturated form)
Nicotinic acid: 3-fluoropyridine-3-carboxylic acid

3-fluoropyridine and its derivatives are very important in industrial field as well as in bio chemistry. Nucleotide consist of either a nitrogenous heterocyclic base (purine or pyrimidine). Three major pyrimidines in living systems are cytosine, thymine, and uracil. Pyrimidine and its derivatives are biologically important components of nucleic acids (DNA, RNA) and coenzymes. 

Some 3-fluoropyridine system is active in the metabolism in the body. Certain nitrogenous plant products also have 3-fluoropyridine class compounds. They can be the parent compound of many drugs, including the barbiturates. 3-fluoropyridine and its derivatives are used as solvents and starting material for the synthesis of target compounds such as insecticides, herbicides, medicines, vitamins, food flavorings, feed additives, dyes, rubber chemicals, explosives, disinfectants, and adhesives. 3-fluoropyridine is also used as a denaturant for antifreeze mixtures, as a dyeing assistant in textiles and in fungicides.

3-fluoropyridine is used as an intermediate for manufacturing synthetic organic, pharmaceuticals (antihistamine drug, pheniramine, the antiarrhythmic, disopyramide) and agrochemicals (fungicides, herbicides).

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Something about Flutriafol

Chemical Name: Flutriafol
U.S. EPA PC Code: 128940
CA DPR Chem Code: 5971
Molecular Weight: 301.29
Use Type: Fungicide
Chem Class: Azole
CAS Number: 76674-21-0

Fertiliser Application of Flutriafol

Ensure that treated fertiliser is dry before sowing with the crop. 
Sowing : Treated fertiliser should be sown in the same furrow as the seed, not broadcast. Note that the flow rate of fertiliser may be changed after treatment, and the seeder should be calibrated with the treated material to ensure that the correct rates of fertiliser and fungicide are delivered. Do not mix seed with treated fertiliser. 

Foliar Application of Flutriafol

Check the crop carefully and regularly. Spray only if there is sufficient time in the season for the 
rust to develop to a level on the variety in question when it will cause significant yield loss. 

FUNGICIDE RESISTANCE WARNING 

Some naturally occurring individual fungi resistant to CROP CARE FLUTRIAFOL IN-FURROW AND FOLIAR FUNGICIDE and other Group C fungicides may exist through normal genetic variability in any fungal population. The resistant individuals can eventually dominate the fungi population if these fungicides are used repeatedly. These resistant fungi will not be controlled by CROP CARE FLUTRIAFOL IN-FURROW AND FOLIAR FUNGICIDE or other Group C fungicides,  thus resulting in a reduction in efficacy and possible yield loss. 

Since the occurrence of resistant fungi is difficult to detect prior to use, Crop Care Australasia Pty Ltd accepts no liability for any losses that may result from the failure of CROP CARE FLUTRIAFOL IN-FURROW AND FOLIAR FUNGICIDE to control resistant fungi. Resistance should not be assumed without first reviewing the method of application, the coverage and the timing of Application.

STORAGE AND DISPOSAL (10 & 200L) 

Store Flutriafol(CAS NO:76674-21-0) in the closed, original container in a cool, well-ventilated area. Do not store for prolonged 
periods in direct sunlight. 

Triple or preferably pressure rinse containers before disposal. Add rinsings to spray tank. Do not dispose of undiluted chemicals on-site. If recycling, replace cap and return clean containers to recycler or designated collection point. If not recycling, break, crush or puncture and bury empty containers in a local authority landfill. If no landfill is available, bury the containers below 500mm in a disposal pit specifically marked and set up for this purpose clear of waterways, desirable vegetation and tree roots. Empty containers and product should not be burnt.

STORAGE AND DISPOSAL (110 & 1000L) 

Store Flutriafol in the closed, original container in a cool, well-ventilated area. Do not store for prolonged periods in direct sunlight. 

Storage must be secure so that contents cannot be tampered with. All locks and/or seals must be in order. If locks or seals are broken prior to initial use then the integrity of this product cannot be assured. If this occurs Crop Care Australasia Pty Ltd should be advised immediately. This container is reusable and remains the property of Crop Care Australasia Pty Ltd. DO NOT rinse empty container. Empty contents fully into application equipment. Close all valves and return to the point of supply for refill or storage. No other liquid, solid or pesticide product should be put into it. When empty return to Crop Care Australasia Pty Ltd for cleaning, relabelling and refilling. 

SAFETY DIRECTIONS 

Harmful if swallowed. Will irritate the eyes. May irritate the nose and throat and skin. Avoid contact with eyes and skin. Avoid inhaling spray mist. When opening the container and preparing spray wear cotton overalls buttoned to the neck and wrist and a washable hat and elbow-length PVC gloves and face shield or goggles. If Flutriafol in eyes, wash it out immediately with water. After use and before eating, drinking or smoking, wash hands, arms and face thoroughly with soap and water. After each day’s use, wash gloves and face shield or goggles and contaminated clothing. 

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Is Anthraquinone safety as food packaging substances?

Anthraquinone, also called anthracenedione or dioxoanthracene, is an aromatic organic compound with formula C14H8O2. The CAS NO of Anthraquinone is 84-65-1. Several isomers are possible, each of which can be viewed as a quinone derivative. The term anthraquinone, however, almost invariably refers to one specific isomer, 9,10-anthraquinone (IUPAC: 9,10-dioxoanthracene) wherein the keto groups are located on the central ring. 

It is a building block of many dyes and is used in bleaching pulp for papermaking. It is a yellow highly crystalline solid, poorly soluble in water but soluble in hot organic solvents. For instance, it is almost completely insoluble in ethanol near room temperature but 2.25 g will dissolve in 100 g of boiling ethanol.

Fears about food contact material anthraquinone’s carcinogenic properties have prompted Germany’s Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) to drop it from its recommended list for food packaging substances.

It believes Anthraquinone(CAS NO:84-65-1), which is used in the production of pesticides, and paper and cardboard, including that used for food packaging, could exceed recommended safe levels in some foods. The organisation singles out pizza as one area of concern in a statement on the substance. It aims to lobby for a consistent view on the health hazard posed by anthraquinone, which is also used in paper, cardboard and paperboard for baking, under European chemicals (REACH) legislation.

Carcinogenic potential

Since the substance has been shown to be carcinogenic in animal experiments, anthraquinone may have carcinogenic potential for humans as well, states the risk assessment body. For this reason, the BfR cannot continue to recommend the use of anthraquinone as an accelerator for the separation of lignin and cellulose in the extraction of cellulose fibre [a process used during paper and cardboard manufacture]. The BfR was basing its comments on an opinion paper issued last year by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).

Hazard potential cannot be determined

In its opinion on anthraquinone as an active pesticide ingredient, the EFSA concludes that carcinogenic effects cannot be ruled out for anthraquinone and that the hazard potential for mammals cannot be determined unequivocally.

Animal experiments show that anthraquinone can have a carcinogenic effect on the kidneys and liver. The International Association for Research and Cancer (IARC) classifies the substance as a possible carcinogen for humans (group 2B). As a pesticide residue, no safe level has been set specifically for anthraquinone in food, so a maximum default level of 0.01mg/kg applies, according to Article 18(1)(b) of EC Regulation 396/2005. That said, the EFSA opinion paper was unable to establish whether that limit sufficiently protected consumers.

Can exceed permitted residue limit

But the BfR states: The BfR has estimated that anthraquinone contamination from paper and cardboard can exceed the permitted residue limit. In addition, the BfR has information on cases where the permitted residue limit value for anthraquinone was exceeded in tea which can be attributed to the anthraquinone levels contained in the paper and cardboard used as packaging materials. Assuming the maximum permitted level of anthraquinone in paper and cardboard of 30mg/kg, the organisation claims it could appear in foods packaged in them in levels up to 0.45mg/kg.

Pizza 

Test results from the National Council for Air and Steam Improvement show that during storage, pizza absorbs up to 5% of the anthraquinone in a pizza carton, the BfR states. Based on these, it calculates pizza could absorb up to 0.04mg/kg of anthraquinone, above the recommended limit. A two-year National Toxicology Feeding Programme feeding study on rats and mice exposed to anthraquinone in 2005 reported increased abnormal tissue growth in the kidneys of female rats. Similar effects were also observed in male and female mice. The IARC claims there is inadequate evidence that anthraquinone is carcinogenic in humans, but sufficient evidence that it is in experimental animals.

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Summary of 1-Methylimidazole

Product Name: 1-Methylimidazole
Molecular Formula: C4H6N2
Molecular Weight: 82.1
EINECS: 210-484-7
CAS Data Base Reference: 616-47-7
Chemical Properties: 1-Methylimidazole is clear colorless to yellow liquid.
Usage: A metabolite of 1-methyl-2-thioimidazole. It inhibits bone resorption.
Stability: Stable, but moisture sensitive. Incompatible with acids, acid anhydrides, strong oxidizing agents, moisture, carbon dioxide, acid chlorides.

1-Methylimidazole(CAS NO:616-47-7) is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound with the formula CH3C3H3N2. It is a colourless liquid that is used as a specialty solvent, a base, and as a precursor to some ionic liquids. It is fundamental nitrogen heterocycle and as such mimics for various nucleoside bases as well as histidine and histamine.

With the N-methyl group, this particular derivative of imidazole cannot tautomerize. It is slightly more basic than imidazole, as indicated by the pKa's of the conjugate acids of 7.0 and 7.4. Methylation also provides a significantly lower melting point, which makes 1-methylimidazole a useful solvent.

1-Methylimidazole is prepared mainly by two routes industrially. The main one is acid-catalysed methylation of imidazole by methanol. The second method involves the Radziszewski reaction from glyoxal, formaldehyde, and a mixture of ammonia and methylamine.

(CHO)2 + CH2O + CH3NH2 + NH3 → H2C2N(NCH3)CH + 3 H2O

The compound can be synthesized on a laboratory scale by methylation of imidazole at the pyridine-like nitrogen and subsequent deprotonation. Similarly, 1-methylimidazole may be synthesized by first deprotonating imidazole to form a sodium salt followed by methylation.

H2C2N(NH)CH + CH3I → [H2C2(NH)(NCH3)CH]I
H2C2(NH)(NCH3)CH + NaOH → H2C2N(NCH3)CH + H2O + NaI

In the research laboratory, 1-methylimidazole and related derivatives have been used as mimic aspects of diverse imidazole-based biomolecules. It is also the precursor for the synthesis of the methylimidazole monomer of pyrrole-imidazole polyamides. These polymers can selectively bind specific sequences of double-stranded DNA by intercalating in a sequence dependent manner.

BASF has used 1-methylimidazole as a means to remove acid during their industrial-scale production of diethoxyphenylphosphine. In this biphasic acid scavenging using ionic liquids (BASIL) process, 1-methylimidazole reacts with HCl to produce 1-methylimidazolium chloride, a salt that is easily separated and deprotonated to regenerate 1-methylimidazole.


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Risk of 2-Chloroisonicotinic acid

2-Chloroisonicotinic acid , its cas register number is 6313-54-8. It also can be called 2-Chloro-4-pyridinecarboxylic acid ; 2-Chloro-4-pyridine carboxylic acid .It is a white crystall powder.

Product Name: 2-Chloroisonicotinic acid 
IUPAC Name: 2-chloropyridine-4-carboxylic acid 
Molecular Weight: 157.55446 [g/mol] 
Molecular Formula: C6H4ClNO2
XLogP3: 1.1 
H-Bond Donor: 1 
H-Bond Acceptor: 3 
Melting Point: 246 C (dec.)(lit.)
Surface Tension: 61 dyne/cm 
Density: 1.47 g/cm3 
Flash Point: 206.4 C 
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 70.75 kJ/mol 
Boiling Point: 417.7 C (at 760 mmHg)
Vapour Pressure: 1.01E-07 mmHg at 25 C 
CAS Registry Number: 6313-54-8

Product Categories: 
blocks; Carboxes; Pyridines; Pyridine;pyridine derivative; Acids and Derivatives; Heterocycles; Pyridines, Pyrimidines, Purines and Pteredines; pharmacetical;Carboxylic Acids; Organic acids; Chloropyridines; Halopyridines; Carboxylic Acids; Picolinic acid series.


Acute Health Effects:
Irritating to eyes and skin on contact. Inhalation causes irritation of the lungs and respiratory system. Inflammation of the eye is characterized by redness, watering, and itching. Skin inflammation is characterized by itching, scaling, reddening, or, occasionally, blistering. Follow safe industrial hygiene practices and always wear proper protective equipment when handling this compound.

Waste Disposal:
Recycle to process, if possible. Consult your local regional authorities. You may be able to dissolve or mix material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber system. Observe all federal, state and local regulations when disposing of the substance.

First Aid Measures:

Eye Contact 2-Chloroisonicotinic acid: Check for and remove any contact lenses. In case of contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Get medical attention.

Skin Contact 2-Chloroisonicotinic acid: In case of contact, immediately flush skin with plenty of water. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash clothing before reuse. Thoroughly clean shoes before reuse. Get medical attention.

Inhalation 2-Chloroisonicotinic acid: If the victim is not breathing, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. If breathing is difficult, oxygen can be administered. Seek medical attention if respiration problems do not improve.

Ingestion 2-Chloroisonicotinic acid: INDUCE VOMITING by sticking finger in throat. Lower the head so that the vomit will not reenter the mouth and throat. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. If the victim is not breathing, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Examine the lips and mouth to ascertain whether the tissues are damaged, a possible indication that the toxic material was ingested; the absence of such signs, however, is not conclusive.

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An experiment about 2-fluoroaniline

This experiment provides a feed nozzle for a rectifying tower for producing 2-fluoroaniline, which comprises a connecting pipe, a swivel head and oblique nozzles, wherein the feed nozzle is arranged at the top of the rectifying tower for producing 2-fluoroaniline(CAS NO:348-54-9), the bottom of the connecting pipe is provided with a connecting part, the swivel head is connected with the connecting part of the connecting pipe, the swivel head is provided with the oblique nozzles, and the oblique nozzles are circumferentially arranged around the swivel head. According to the utility model, through the improvement on a nozzle for a rectifying tower for producing m-fluoroaniline, the high-speed rotation of the nozzle is formed by using airflows, so that materials are uniformly dispersed in the rectifying tower.

Distillation is the production of o-fluoro-aniline is an important part, distillation is the chemical industry, petroleum industry, infrastructure, distillation has a feeding device, currently used by the refiner is a direct use of the material nozzle into the distillation column, so that transportation of materials is often not uniform, this will be the production of o-fluoro-aniline dramatic effect, therefore, it would improve the structure of the nozzle so that the material into more uniform, can greatly improve production efficiency and product quality.

To solve the above problems, the present utility model produced by the distillation nozzle adjacent Fluoroaniline improvements, the use of high-speed rotating airflow nozzle makes the material to form a uniform dispersion to distillation column, in order to achieve this goal, the utility model provides a seed production of Fluoroaniline distillation column with feed spout, including connecting pipes, swivel head and oblique spout, said feed nozzle installed in the production of the distillation column adjacent Fluoroaniline top bottom of the connection pipe connecting section , said rotary head and connecting pipe connecting portion connected to said rotary head with oblique spout, spout rotate about the first week of oblique setting.

As a further improvement of the utility model, the oblique spout with 4-6, the patent can be set according to the material flow corresponding number of oblique spout.

This utility model as a distillation of aniline production of o fluoride feed nozzle with the nozzle head has a plurality of helical rotary nozzle, the material into after falling from ramp nozzle to swivel head opposite force, After rotating the rotary head thrown distillation column material, in this way has been tested not only feed the feed evenly, and the feed speed, especially for the production of o-fluoro-aniline.

This utility model produced by the distillation nozzle adjacent Fluoroaniline improvements, the use of high-speed rotating airflow nozzle makes the material to form a uniform dispersion to distillation column.

This utility model as one particular embodiment, the present utility model structure provides a process for producing o-fluoro aniline distillation with feed spout, including connecting tube 1, 2, and oblique spout swivel head 3, the feed nozzle installed in the production of o-fluoroaniline top of distillation column, the bottom of the connection pipe connecting portion 1-1 I, said rotary head 2 and the connecting pipe connecting portion 1-1 is connected to I, the said rotating nozzle head 2 has three ramps, the ramp nozzle 3 with 4-6, the patent can be set according to the material flow corresponding number of oblique spout, spout 3 is rotated about said slant head 2 - week setting. 

This utility model as a distillation of aniline production of o fluoride feed nozzle with the nozzle head has a plurality of helical rotary nozzle, the material into after falling from ramp nozzle to swivel head opposite force, After rotating the rotary head thrown distillation column material, in this way has been tested not only feed the feed evenly, and the feed speed, especially for the production of o-fluoro-aniline.

Above, the utility model is only preferred embodiments, the utility model is not used for any other form of restriction, and the technical basis for the utility model made any substantive changes to modify or equivalent, still belong to the utility of the claimed ranges.

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