The properties of 3-fluoropyridine

3-fluoropyridine, also called azabenzene and azine, is a heterocyclic aromatic tertiary amine characterized by a six-membered ring structure composed of five carbon atoms and a nitrogen which replace one carbon-hydrogen unit in the benzene ring (C5H5N). The CAS NO. is 372-47-4, EINECS NO. is 206-755-4, FORMULA is C5H4FN, MOL WT. is 97.09. 

The simplest member of the pyridine family is 3-fluoropyridine itself. It is colorless, flammable, toxic liquid with a unpleasant odor, miscible with water and with most organic solvents, boils at 115 C. Its aqueous solution is slightly alkaline. Its conjugate acid is called pyridinium cation, C5H5NH+, used as a oxidation agent for organic synthesis.

 3-fluoropyridine is a base with chemical properties similar to tertiary amines. Nitrogen in the ring system has an equatorial lone pair of electrons, that does not participate in the aromatic pi-bond. Its aqueous solution is slightly alkaline. It is incompatible and reactive with strong oxidizers and strong acids, and reacts violently with chlorosulfonic acid, maleic anhydride, oleum, perchromates, b-propiolactone, formamide, chromium trioxide, and sulfuric acid. 

Liquid 3-fluoropyridine(CAS NO:372-47-4) easily evaporates into the air. If it is released to the air, it may take several months to years until it breaks down into other compounds. Usually, 3-fluoropyridine is derived from coal tar or synthesized from other chemicals, mainly acetaldehyde and ammonia. 3-fluoropyridine compounds are found in nature. 

For example, nicotine from tobacco, ricinine from castor bean, pyridoxine or vitamin B and P products, alkaloids (such as coniine, piperine and nicotine), and etc. Some 3-fluoropyridine compounds consumed largely are:

Picoline : Three structural isomers of methyl 3-fluoropyridines (alpha, beta, gamma- positions)
Lutidine : Six structural isomers of dimethyl 3-fluoropyridines (2,3-, ,24-, 2,5-, 2,6-, 3,4-, 3,5- positions)
Collidine : Three structural isomers of trimethyl 3-fluoropyridines (2,3,5-, 2,3,6-, 2,4,6- positions)
Pyrimidine: 3-fluoropyridine alteration containing nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3
Piperidine: Hexahydro3-fluoropyridine (saturated form)
Nicotinic acid: 3-fluoropyridine-3-carboxylic acid

3-fluoropyridine and its derivatives are very important in industrial field as well as in bio chemistry. Nucleotide consist of either a nitrogenous heterocyclic base (purine or pyrimidine). Three major pyrimidines in living systems are cytosine, thymine, and uracil. Pyrimidine and its derivatives are biologically important components of nucleic acids (DNA, RNA) and coenzymes. 

Some 3-fluoropyridine system is active in the metabolism in the body. Certain nitrogenous plant products also have 3-fluoropyridine class compounds. They can be the parent compound of many drugs, including the barbiturates. 3-fluoropyridine and its derivatives are used as solvents and starting material for the synthesis of target compounds such as insecticides, herbicides, medicines, vitamins, food flavorings, feed additives, dyes, rubber chemicals, explosives, disinfectants, and adhesives. 3-fluoropyridine is also used as a denaturant for antifreeze mixtures, as a dyeing assistant in textiles and in fungicides.

3-fluoropyridine is used as an intermediate for manufacturing synthetic organic, pharmaceuticals (antihistamine drug, pheniramine, the antiarrhythmic, disopyramide) and agrochemicals (fungicides, herbicides).

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