2014年2月27日星期四

Safety using of BOC-D-Phenylalanine

BOC-D-Phenylalanine is a kind of white to off-white crystalline powder with Molecular Formula: C14H19NO4 and Molecular Weight: 265.31. It has the Synonyms: Boc-D-Phe-OH and (2R)-3-phenyl-2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)propanoate. 

Other properties of BOC-D-Phenylalanine:
Density: 1.16 g/cm3;     Boiling Point: 426.6 C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point: 85-88 C;   Flash Point:211.8  C
CAS Registry Number:18942-49-9

Potential Health Effects
Eye: BOC-D-Phenylalanine will cause eye irritation. 
Skin: it may cause skin irritation. May be harmful if absorbed through the skin. 
Ingestion: it may also cause irritation of the digestive tract. May be harmful if swallowed. 
Inhalation: when InhalateBOC-D-Phenylalanine, may cause respiratory tract irritation.

First Aid Measures 
Eyes: if eye contact BOC-D-Phenylalanine, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Then you should better get medical aid. 
Skin: Immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes, if your skin contact it . Then Get medical aid if irritation develops or persists. 
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting after Ingestiing BOC-D-Phenylalanine. Get medical aid if irritation or symptoms occur. 
Inhalation: Remove from exposure and move to fresh air immediately. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear. 

Fire Fighting Measures
General Information: As in any fire, wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear. 
Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or chemical foam. 

Exposure Controls, Personal Protection
Engineering Controls: 
Facilities storing or utilizing BOC-D-Phenylalanine(CAS Registry Number:18942-49-9)should be equipped with an eyewash facility and a safety shower. Use adequate ventilation to keep airborne concentrations low. 

Personal Protective Equipment 
Eyes: Wear appropriate protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles as described by OSHA's eye and face protection regulations in 29 CFR 1910.133 or European Standard EN166. 
Skin: Wear appropriate protective gloves to prevent skin exposure. Clothing: Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin exposure. 
Respirators:Follow the OSHA respirator regulations found in 29 CFR 1910.134 or European Standard EN 149. Use a NIOSH/MSHA or European Standard EN 149 approved respirator if exposure limits are exceeded or if irritation or other symptoms are experienced. 

Handling and Storage 
Handling: Use with adequate ventilation. Minimize dust generation and accumulation. Do not get  BOC-D-Phenylalanine in eyes, on skin, or on clothing. Do not ingest or inhale it . 
Storage: Store BOC-D-Phenylalanine in a tightly closed container. Store in a dry area. Keep refrigerated.

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2014年2月26日星期三

Isobutyl Acetate used as a solvent

Isobutyl Acetate, is also known as 2-methylpropyl ethanoate with Molecular Formula: C6H12O2 and Molecular Weight: 116.16. It is a common solvent, produced from the esterification of isobutanol with acetic acid. It is very soluble in ethanol and ether, soluble in acetone. The CAS Registry Number is 110-19-0.

Isobutyl acetate has three isomers: n-butyl acetate, tert-butyl acetate, and sec-butyl acetate, which are also common solvents. A common method for preparing isobutyl acetate is Fischer esterification, where precursors isobutyl alcohol and acetic acid are heated in the presence of a strong acid.

Isobutyl Acetate is used as a solvent for lacquer and nitrocellulose. Like many esters it has a fruity or floral smell at low concentrations and occurs naturally in raspberries, pears and other plants. At higher concentrations the odor can be unpleasant and may cause symptoms of central nervous system depression such as nausea, dizziness and headache.

Isobutyl Acetate is the ester that an organic group replaces a hydrogen atom in -OH group of acetic acid through reaction with alcohols. Condensation is the reaction in which two molecules having -OH groups are joined with eliminating a water molecule from their -OH groups. 

It is also for the salt that one or more of the hydrogen atoms of acetic acid are replaced by one or more cations of the base, resulting in a compound containing the negative organic ion of CH3COO-. Lower acetate is a non-polar to weak polar aprotic solvent which have some solubility portion in water. Its miscibility with water gets higher at elevated temperature. Higher acetates have a low solubility in water and used as extraction solvents for fine chemicals particularly for certain antibiotics. 

Isobutyl Acetate is also a good solvent for a broad range of resins as they are miscible with almost all common organic liquids. Due to their powerful solvency, high volatility and mild odor, acetates are widely used as solvents for paints, coatings, adhesives, cellulose, plastics, fats, wood stains. 

Additionally Isobutyl Acetate(CAS NO:110-19-0) provides the compatibility between water and a number of organic solvents, and the ability to couple unlike phases. The main products include ethyleneglycol monoethyl ether acetate, ethyleneglycol monobutyl ether acetate, and propyleneglycol monomethyl ether acetate. Aromatic acetates such as benzyl acetate are also useful solvent. Benzyl acetate has jasmine like odor. 

Isobutyl Acetate has a similar smell to both banana and pear. Acetates have characteristic fruity odor. They are used as component of perfumes and flavorings. They are used as chemical intermediate to manufacture pharmaceuticals, synthetic flavorings, cleaners, and other organic compounds.

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2014年2月25日星期二

The cancer risk of 1,4-Dioxane

1,4-Dioxane is used as a solvent. Acute inhalation exposure to high levels of 1,4-dioxane has caused vertigo, drowsiness, headache, anorexia and irritation of the eyes, nose, throat, and lungs in humans. It may also irritate the skin. Damage to the liver and kidneys has been observed in rats chronically exposed in their drinking water.  

In three epidemiologic studies on workers exposed to 1,4-dioxane(CAS NO:123-91-1), the observed number of cancer cases did not differ from the expected cancer deaths. Tumors have been observed in orally exposed animals. EPA has classified 1,4-dioxane as a Group B2, probable human carcinogen.

1,4-Dioxane is used as a solvent for cellulose acetate, ethyl cellulose, benzyl cellulose, resins, oils, waxes, some dyes, and other organic and inorganic compounds. Some studies has proved that 1,4-Dioxane has Cancer Risk for our body.

In three epidemiologic studies on workers exposed to 1,4-dioxane, the observed number of cancer cases did not differ from the expected cancer deaths. A study by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) of rats and mice exposed to 1,4-dioxane in their drinking water reported increased incidences of liver carcinomas and adenomas and nasal cavity squamous cell carcinomas. 

Liver carcinomas and gallbladder carcinomas were observed in mice and guinea pigs, respectively. No treatment-related lesions resulted from exposure to 1,4-dioxane vapor in rats. EPA has classified 1,4-dioxane as a Group B2, probable human carcinogen. 

EPA uses mathematical models, based on human and animal studies, to estimate the probability of a person developing cancer from drinking water containing a specified concentration of a chemical. EPA calculated an oral unit risk estimate of 3.1* 10-7 ( µg/L)-1. EPA estimates that, if an individual were to continuously drink water containing 1,4-dioxane(CAS NO:123-91-1) at an average of 3.0 µg/L (3*10-3 milligrams per liter (mg/L)) over his or her entire lifetime, that person would theoretically have no more than a one-in-a-million increased chance of developing cancer as a direct result of drinking water containing 1,4-dioxane

Similarly, EPA estimates that drinking water containing 30.0 µg/L (3 x 10-2 mg/L) would result in not greater than a one-in-a-hundred thousand increased chance of developing cancer, and water containing 300.0 µg/L (3*10-1 mg/L) would result in not greater than a one-in-ten thousand increased chance of developing cancer. For a detailed discussion of confidence in the potency factors, please see IRIS. 

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2014年2月24日星期一

Do you have some questions about Acetaldehyde

Here are some questions and answers about Acetaldehyde I list for you, I hope it is help for you!

What is Acetaldehyde?

Acetaldehyde is a colorless fluid that is soluble in water. It is volatile and can smell fruity. It is also known as C2H40. It is mostly used in creating the silver part of mirrors and in organic synthesis.

How to pipette acetaldehyde?

Acetaldehyde(CAS NO: 75-07-0) has a low boiling point so it vapourises easily. Inside the pipette the vapour builds up a pressure that tends to force the liquid out, as you have said.You could try cooling the acetaldehyde, as this would reduce the vapour pressure inside the pipette. 

When you fill the pipette, draw the liquid in until it is well above the graduation mark. This willgive you more time to remove the filler bulb and control the flow rate from the pipette with the pressure from your thumb.

Why is ethanol a electron donor in an ethanol and acetaldehyde redox reaction?

During the conversion of an ethanol molecule to acetaldehyde two hydrogen atoms are extracted from the ethanol. Since a hydrogen atom contains a proton and an electron this process is called and oxidation and these electrons can be "donated" to a variety of other molecules resulting in their reduction.

How to describle the structural formula of acetaldehyde?

Since I can't draw in this format, I'll tell you what you have to do. Draw a C and attach 3 H's to it, along with another C. All of these are single bonded to the first carbon atom and are arranged around it in a tetrahedral 109.5 degree bond angle) configuration. The second carbon atom has a single H bonded to it with a single bond, and an oxygen that is double bonded to it. The arrangement here will be trigonal planar about the second C atom. 

Why is acetaldehyde not oxidised to acetic acid?

The usual progress of the reaction involving oxidation of ethanol is to produce ethanoic acid via the intermediate Acetaldehyde(CAS NO: 75-07-0) , ethanal. In order to do this you need to use an excess of the oxidising agent and make sure that the Acetaldehyde formed as the half-way product stays in the mixture.The alcohol is heated under reflux with an excess of the oxidising agent. When the reaction is complete, the carboxylic acid is distilled off. 

The full equation for the oxidation of ethanol to ethanoic acid is: 
CH3CH2OH + [O] → CH3CHO + H2O - this is the Acetaldehyde
Acetaldehyde is further oxidised to the acid :CH3CHO + [O] → CH3COOH 

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2014年2月23日星期日

Warnings before taking Etodolac

Etodolac belongs to a class of drugs called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). It works by reducing hormones that cause inflammation and pain in the body. It treats the symptoms of pain and inflammation. They do not treat the disease that causes those symptoms.

Etodolac is used to relieve pain from various conditions. It also reduces pain, swelling, and joint stiffness from arthritis. This medication is known as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It works by blocking your body's production of certain natural substances that cause inflammation. Etodolac(CAS NO:41340-25-4) may also be used to treat gout attacks.

Etodolac is licensed for the treatment of inflammation and pain caused by osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.Etodolac is generally avoided during pregnancy and nursing. NSAIDs may cause adverse cardiovascular effects in the fetus during pregnancy. 

If you are treating a chronic condition such as arthritis, ask your doctor about non-drug treatments and/or using other medications to treat your pain. See also Warning section.

People who take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as etodolac may have a higher risk of having a heart attack or a stroke than people who do not take these medications. These events may happen without warning and may cause death. This risk may be higher for people who take NSAIDs for a long time. 

Tell your doctor if you or anyone in your family has or has ever had heart disease, a heart attack, or a stroke, if you smoke, and if you have or have ever had high cholesterol, high blood pressure, or diabetes. Get emergency medical help right away if you experience any of the following symptoms: chest pain, shortness of breath, weakness in one part or side of the body, or slurred speech.

Etodolac(CAS NO:41340-25-4) can increase your risk of life-threatening heart or circulation problems, including heart attack or stroke. This risk will increase the longer you use etodolac. Do not use this medicine just before or after having heart bypass surgery.

Etodolac can also increase your risk of serious effects on the stomach or intestines, including bleeding or perforation. These conditions can be fatal and gastrointestinal effects can occur without warning at any time while you are taking etodolac. Older adults may have an even greater risk of these serious gastrointestinal side effects.

If you need take Etodolac, you should pay more attention to it. Learning more health information, properties or suppliers about Etodolac, you can access Guidechem. Guidechem chemical B2B network provides information on china and global chemical market quotation and relative chemical Information.

2014年2月21日星期五

High quality 4-Methoxyphenol in Guidechem

4-Methoxyphenol is a drug used in combination with the drug tretinoin in the treatment of liver spots. It used alone and in higher doses is used as a topical drug for medical depigmentation.The Molecular Formula is C7H8O2, Molecular Weight is 124.14, EINECS is 205-769-8. 4-Methoxyphenol is stable, combustible, incompatible with halogens, oxidizing agents. The CAS Registry Number of 4-Methoxyphenol is 150-76-5.

A combination of mequinol 2% & tretinoin 0.01% is commonly used in treating solar lentigines . Exactly how it works is unknown, but this compound is used along with a total skin care and sunlight avoidance program. This compound may also be used for other conditions as determined by one's dermatologist. Methoxyphenol is a depigmentation agent, like Monobenzone, it is the active ingredient in some depigmenting creams and ointments. A formulation of 20% 4-methoxyphenol ointment causes depigmentation in animal tissue.

Lower dosages of topical 4-Methoxyphenol and the Q-switched Ruby Laser have been used to depigment normal skin in vitiligo patients with disseminated idiopathic vitiligo.

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1.Capot Chemical Co., Ltd.
4-Methoxyphenol
Updatetime:Feb 21 2014
Purity:98% Min. Order:1/Kilogram Supply Ability:up to kgs Month/Kilogram
DetailDesc:124.14,C7H8O2
Tel:86-571-85586718
Address:Joinhands Science Park, No.4028,Nanhuan Road

2.Shijiazhuang Sdyano Fine Chemical Co., Ltd
Updatetime:Feb 21 2014
Introduction:Shijiazhuang Sdyano Fine Chemical Co., Ltd. is a company specializing in pharmaceutical intermediates, liquid crystal intermediates, PDLC LCD, OLED LCD, such as fine chemicals R & D, production and sales of integrated chemical enterprise modernization. Our company has three subsidiaries: R & D center, production base and sales. 
Tel:86-311-89830448
Address:Room 37-2-2501, Yiyuan Dong Gang Jianshe Nan Stree

3.Hangzhou Dayangchem Co., Ltd.
4-Methoxyphenol
Updatetime:Feb 21 2014
DetailDesc:4-Methoxyphenol
Tel:86-571-88938639
Address:B/2601 Fuli Building, 328# WenEr Rd. Hangzhou City 310012 China

4.Wuhan Fortuna Chemical Co., Ltd.
Updatetime:Feb 20 2014
Purity:99%min Min. Order: Supply Ability:avaiable stock 
DetailDesc:P-Hydroxyanisole
Tel:0086-27-59207850
Address:A2705,Dong Yi Shi Qu,129# XinHua Road

5.Shanghai Dell Chemical Co.Ltd
4-Methoxyphenol(CAS NO: 150-76-5)
Updatetime:Feb 19 2014
Purity:NLT99% Min. Order:1/Kilogram Supply Ability:100 Year/Metric Ton
Tel:86-21-51950635
Address:Nianjiabang Rd, Pudong, Shang

6.Nanjing Norris-Pharm Technology Co., Ltd.
4-Methoxyphenol
Updatetime:Mar 29 2013
Purity:97% Min. Order:
DetailDesc:Pharmaceutical intermediates
Tel:86-25-66112881
Address:A1100 Cultural and Creative Industrial Park 5th Jiangning Road Nanjing 210006 China

7.China Huanyu Chemical Industrial Co.,Ltd
4-Methoxyphenol
Updatetime:Feb 21 2014
DetailDesc:4-Bromo-2-Nitrobenzoic Acid
Tel:86-310-6034055
Address:Maoyi Road,Hanshan District,Handan

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2014年2月20日星期四

The common side effects of Nevirapine

Nevirapine is a prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children. Nevirapine is always used in combination with other anti-HIV medicines. It is also marketed under the trade name Viramune (Boehringer Ingelheim), is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) used to treat HIV-1 infection and AIDS.

Nevirapine(CAS NO:129618-40-2) is a type of anti-HIV medicine called a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). NNRTIs work by binding to and blocking HIV reverse transcriptase, an HIV enzyme. This prevents HIV from replicating and lowers the amount of HIV in the blood.Nevirapine does not cure HIV/AIDS. It is not known if nevirapine reduces the risk of passing HIV to other people.

The most common adverse effect of nevirapine is the development of mild or moderate rash (13%). Severe or life-threatening skin reactions have been observed in 1.5% of patients, including Stevens–Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis and hypersensitivity.

Nevirapine can cause serious, life-threatening side effects. These include severe liver problems, skin rash, and skin reactions. The liver and skin problems can happen at any time during treatment, but the time of greatest risk is during the first 18 weeks of treatment.

Nevirapine may cause severe or life-threatening liver toxicity, usually emerging in the first six weeks of treatment. In 2000, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration issued a black box label on nevirapine, warning that it could cause severe liver damage, including liver failure. 

Unacceptably high risk of serious liver symptoms in certain patient groups has led the U.S. DHSS to recommend the restriction of nevirapine use to those at lower risk, unless the benefit to the patient clearly outweighs the risk; although in the 2NN study which found these CD4 limits, the effect was seen only in patients recruited from Thailand. 

More recent studies on the use of Nevirapine(CAS NO:129618-40-2) in people with higher CD4 cell counts have come to the following conclusion: Treatment-experienced patients who start NVP-based combination therapy with low pre-ART and high current CD4 cell counts and an undetectable VL have a similar likelihood for discontinuing NVP therapy because of hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs), compared with treatment-naive patients with low CD4 cell counts. 

This suggests that NVP-based combination therapy may be safely initiated in such patients. However, in similar patients with a detectable VL, it is prudent to continue to adhere to current CD4 cell count thresholds. The U.S. Public Health Service Task Force advocates caution in the use of nevirapine in pregnancy due to toxicity issues, which may be exacerbated during pregnancy.

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2014年2月19日星期三

The story of Naphthalene

Naphthalene is made from crude oil or coal tar. It is also produced when things burn, so Naphthalene is found in cigarette smoke, car exhaust, and smoke from forest fires. It is used as an insecticide and pest repellent.

The primary use for Naphthalene(CAS NO:91-20-3) is in the production of phthalic anhydride. However, o-xylene is replacing Naphthalene as the preferred raw material for phthalic anhydride production.Other uses of Naphthalene include carbamate insecticides, surface active agents and resins, as a dye intermediate, as a synthetic tanning agent, as a moth repellent, and in miscellaneous organic chemicals. 

Naphthalene was first registered as a pesticide in the United States in 1948.In early 1820, two chemists, in two separate reports, described a white solid with a pungent odor derived from the distillation of coal tar. In 1821, John Kidd cited these two disclosures and then described many of this substance's properties and the means of its production. 

He proposed the name Naphthalene, as it had been derived from a kind of naphtha. Naphthalene's chemical formula was determined by Michael Faraday in 1826. The structure of two fused benzene rings was proposed by Emil Erlenmeyer in 1866, and confirmed by Carl Gräbe three years later.

Most Naphthalene is derived from coal tar. From the 1960s until the 1990s, significant amounts of Naphthalene were also produced from heavy petroleum fractions during petroleum refining, but today petroleum-derived Naphthalene represents only a minor component of Naphthalene production.

Naphthalene is the most abundant single component of coal tar. Although the composition of coal tar varies with the coal from which it is produced, typical coal tar is about 10% Naphthalene by weight. In industrial practice, distillation of coal tar yields an oil containing about 50% Naphthalene, along with a variety of other aromatic compounds. This oil, after being washed with aqueous sodium hydroxide to remove acidic components (chiefly various phenols), and with sulfuric acid to remove basic components, undergoes fractional distillation to isolate Naphthalene.

 The crude Naphthalene(CAS NO:91-20-3) resulting from this process is about 95% Naphthalene by weight. The chief impurities are the sulfur-containing aromatic compound benzothiophene, indane, indene, and methylNaphthalene . Petroleum-derived Naphthalene is usually purer than that derived from coal tar. Where required, crude Naphthalene can be further purified by recrystallization from any of a variety of solvents, resulting in 99% Naphthalene by weight, referred to as 80 C (melting point). Approximately 1.3M tons are produced annually.

In North America, coal tar producers are Koppers Inc. and Recochem Inc., and petroleum-derived producer is Advanced Aromatics, L.P. In Western Europe most known producers are Koppers, Ruetgers and Deza. In Eastern Europe, variety of integrated metallurgy complexes in Russia. Dedicated Naphthalene and phenol maker INKOR and Yenakievsky Metallurgy plant in Ukraine, and ArcelorMittal Temirtau in Kazakhstan.

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2014年2月18日星期二

How does Ezetimibe work ?

Ezetimibe localises at the brush border of the small intestine, where it inhibits the absorption of cholesterol from the intestine. Specifically, it appears to bind to a critical mediator of cholesterol absorption, the Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 protein on the gastrointestinal tract epithelial cells as well as in hepatocytes.

Ezetimibe is used along with a low cholesterol/low fat diet and exercise to help lower cholesterol in the blood. It may be used alone or with other drugs. Ezetimibe(CAS NO:163222-33-1) works by reducing the amount of cholesterol your body absorbs from your diet. Reducing cholesterol may help prevent strokes and heart attacks.

Side effects of Ezetimibe include gastrointestinal disturbances, headache, fatigue, myalgia; rarely arthralgia, hypersensitivity reactions (including rash, angioedema, and anaphylaxis), hepatitis; AND very rarely pancreatitis, cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, thrombocytopenia, raised creatine kinase, myopathy, and rhabdomyolysis.

But how does Ezetimibe work? In this article, I will show you it on the every usages of Ezetimibe.

Ezetrol tablets contain the active ingredient ezetimibe, which is type of medicine known as a cholesterol absorption inhibitor. It is used to lower high cholesterol levels.

Ezetimibe works by preventing cholesterol from being absorbed from the small intestine into the bloodstream. It prevents cholesterol and other plant sterols that are consumed in the diet from being absorbed into the bloodstream. It also prevents cholesterol released from the bile duct into the intestine from being reabsorbed into the bloodstream. The overall result is a reduction in cholesterol levels in the blood.

Ezetimibe may also be used on its own to lower cholesterol in people with primary hypercholesterolaemia who cannot take statins. Ezetimibe is used in conjunction with a statin and a cholesterol-lowering diet to lower cholesterol in people with inherited high cholesterol levels .

Ezetimibe(CAS NO:163222-33-1) is used to lower cholesterol in people with high cholesterol levels. It is normally used when another type of cholesterol-lowering medicine called a statin, together with a low cholesterol diet and increased exercise, has not lowered cholesterol sufficiently. Ezetimibe is added to the statin treatment because it works in a different way to statins and so it can boost their cholesterol lowering effect.

Lastly, ezetimibe can be used to treat people with a rare inherited disorder called homozygous sitosterolaemia, where there are raised levels of plant sterols that are similar to cholesterol in the blood. In this case ezetimibe is used on its own, together with a cholesterol-lowering diet.

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Variety uses of Potassium sorbate

Potassium sorbate is a chemical compound that is produced as a result of chemical reaction between potassium hydroxide and sorbic acid to produce a white, sometime yellowish crystalline powder. It is slightly acidic in nature with a ph of about 6.5. When mixed in water it forms a weak acids solution of sorbic acid.

Potassium sorbate is produced industrially by neutralizing sorbic acid with potassium hydroxide. The precursor sorbic acid is produced in a two-step process via the condensation of crotonaldehyde and ketene.

Potassium sorbate(CAS NO:24634-61-5) is a synthetic compound that is used for a variety of commercial and domestic uses, for example in the baking industry as an alternative to yeast. In addition it is also used in other industries like dried meat, cheese, apple cider and other products. The primary use of potassium sorbate is to increase the shelf life of various commercial products without causing any alteration in the taste, smell or color of the food.

Potassium sorbate is found in many food products, especially those which are meant to be stored and eaten at room temperature. This helps to ward off particles such as mold or fungus that can cause foods to spoil or make people sick. Baked goods, processed fruits and vegetables or dairy products frequently contain this product.

Personal hygiene or beauty products will also use potassium sorbate in their solutions. Shampoo, lotion, cream-based concealers and other liquid products will often contain preservatives to prevent the products spoiling or breaking down as they sit on the shelf or in room temperature storage for long periods of time.

Winemakers will also use potassium sorbate(CAS NO:24634-61-5) as part of the fermentation process so that the wine can develop without yeast that would alter the flavor by devouring the sugar content of the berries. Many waxed wrappings or coatings on foods will also contain potassium sorbate as a way to increase preservative levels without altering the recipe of the food.

Sealants, glosses and industrial coatings will often use potassium sorbate as well. This will help prevent the seal from breaking down over time and will help preserve the materials underneath. If the gloss is used on an organic material such as wood, it will prevent mold, fungus or yeast from attaching to the surface and causing damage.

Potassium sorbate is also used for a variety of industrial processes like in pain industry, rubber and plastic industry and other commercial and synthetic manufacturing units.

More information about Potassium sorbate, you can find in Guidechem.

2014年2月17日星期一

Side effects of DL-Phenylalanine

DL-phenylalanine is a combination of the essential amino acid L-phenylalanine and the additional stereoisomer D-phenylalanine. These chemicals have been shown to have an effect on mood. They are shown to elevate mood and can thus be used in the treatment of depression. DL-phenylalanine supplements may also increase the ability to concentrate.

It is an important precursor in the creation of many of the neurotransmitters used within the brain. L-phenylalanine is converted within the body into L-tyrosine, another important amino acid. It is used in the creation of L-dihydroxyphenylalanine, which is then converted into dopamine.

DL-phenylalanine has been studied as a substance with both analgesic and anti-depressant properties. A study from the Brampton Brain Clinic suggests that DL-phenylalanine improves the action of other painkillers by increasing activity in the endogenous analgesia system. 

Disabled World notes that DL-phenylalanine(CAS NO:150-30-1) has been shown to be particularly effective in patients who suffer from chronic pain due to conditions like arthritis. Another study led by H. Beckmann demonstrated that DL-phenylalanine worked as well as another common treatment in the reduction of depression symptoms, which has been linked in other studies to its role in the production of neurotransmitters.

Because of the potential for side effects and interactions with medications, you should only take dietary supplements under the supervision of a knowledgeable health care provider.

DL-Phenylalanine is possible safe for most people, even in amounts needed as medicine.There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of DL-Phenylalanine.

A deficiency in DL-Phenylalanine is often evident when one exhibits signs of depression and fatigue. This may be due to the body's use of phenylalanine to produce the amino acid tyrosine, which in turn produces dopamine, norepinephrine and other chemicals that regulate mood and adrenaline. Thus, many believe that one of the most significant phenylalanine side effects is its ability to regulate mood and help combat depression.

DL-Phenylalanineside(CAS NO:150-30-1) effects can be as damaging as they are often beneficial. One of the most frightening side effects occurs in people who suffer from phenylketonuria, a disorder in which the afflicted individual is unable to produce the enzyme needed to metabolize phenylalanine. Left untreated, PKU can cause seizures and brain damage. Abnormalities from PKU are so feared that it is standard for most babies to be checked for this disorder within the first few days of life.

If you need take DL-Phenylalanineside, you should pay more attention to it. Learning more health information, properties or suppliers about DL-Phenylalanineside, you can access Guidechem. Guidechem chemical B2B network provides information on china and global chemical market quotation and relative chemical Information.

2014年2月16日星期日

Knowledge about the uses of Dioctyl phthalate

Dioctyl phthalate is an organic compound with the formula C24H38O4. It is the most common of the class of phthalate plasticizers, accounting for an almost 54% market share in 2010. It is the diester of phthalic acid and the branched-chain 2-ethylhexanol. This colourless viscous liquid is soluble in oil, but not in water, with CAS Registry Number: 117-84-0. 

Dioctyl phthalate is one of the most important plasticizer, mainly used in the processing of PVC resin and high polymers such as chemical resin, acetic acid resin, ABS resin, rubber and in the production of lacquer, dyestuff and dispersant. It is also used as a hydraulic and dielectric fluid in capacitors and as a solvent in lightsticks.

Dioctyl phthalate can be used as a softening agent , such as to make the product easier to rebound and harder to undergo form change under pressure, without affecting of the plastics. DOP possesses its good plasticizing properties thanks to the ability to make the long polimers molecules to slide against one another.

It is extensively used in processing polyvinyl choride and ethylcellulose resins to produce plastic film, imitation leather, electric wire, cable wearer, sheet, planet, mould plastic products and used in nitrocellulose paints. It has the applications in the industry of automotive, building and construction material, flooring, medical device. 

Dioctyl phthalate(CAS NO:117-84-0) has been used as a plasticiser in medical devices such as intravenous tubing and bags, catheters, nasogastric tubes, dialysis bags and tubing, and blood bags and transfusion tubing, and air tubes. For this reason, concern has been expressed about leachates transported into the patient, especially for those requiring extensive infusions, e.g. newborns in intensive care nursery settings, hemophiliacs, and kidney dialysis patients.

The American Academy of Pediatrics has advocated not to use medical devices that can leach Dioctyl phthalate into patients and, instead, to resort to Dioctyl phthalate-free alternatives. 

In July 2002, the U.S. FDA issued a Public Health Notification on Dioctyl phthalate, stating in part, "We recommend considering such alternatives when these high-risk procedures are to be performed on male neonates, pregnant women who are carrying male fetuses, and peripubertal males" noting that the alternatives were to look for non-Dioctyl phthalate exposure solutions; they mention a database of alternatives.

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2014年2月13日星期四

The basic functions of Isopropyl myristate

Isopropyl myristate is an oily liquid that is readily absorbed by the skin and is used as a base for relatively nongreasy creams and ointments. It also acts as a solvent for many medications that need to be applied to the skin. Isopropyl myristate is an ingredient or base of several emollient skin preparations used for treating dry skin conditions. 

Isopropyl myristate is a colourless to pale yellow or odourless liquid with Molecular Formula C17H34O2, Molecular Weight:270.45, and CAS Registry Number:110-27-0. It is insoluble, stable, combustible and incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

Isopropyl myristate is found in several everyday beauty products and is generally considered safe for consumer use. Despite its popularity with manufacturers, some side effects have been reported. It is generally safe, although some people with skin conditions may wish to avoid products containing it.

Isopropyl Myristate(CAS NO:110-27-0) is used in cosmetic and topical medicinal preparations where good absorption through the skin is desired. It is also used as a pesticide-free treatment against head lice which works by dissolving the wax that covers the exoskeleton of head lice, killing them by dehydration. 

A unique characteristic of Isopropyl Myristate is its ability to reduce the greasy feel caused by the high oil content of other ingredients in a product. This synthetic oil is often added to beauty products to give them a slicker, sheer feel rather than an oily one. There are many cosmetic ingredients similar in function to this chemical, including Ethylhexyl Stearate, Isocetyl Stearate, Isopropyl Isostearate, and Myristyl Myristate.

Isopropyl Myristate is a synthetic oil used as an emollient, thickening agent, or lubricant in beauty products. Composed of of Isopropyl Alcohol and Myristic Acid, Isopropyl Myristate is a popular cosmetic and pharmaceutical ingredient. It is most often used an an additive in aftershaves, shampoos, bath oils, antiperspirants, deodorants, oral hygiene products, and various creams and lotions.

Isopropyl Myristate is easily absorbed by the skin, ensuring quick penetration of a formula's ingredients. It is so deeply penetrating that it is also an ingredient in a multi-purpose rust remover, Liquid Wrench. Though it is an effective emollient and valuable absorption carrier, repeated use of products with this ingredient may lead to clogged pores. In more than 5% of formulations, it can cause skin irritation; for this reason, it is considered a comedogenic and is aggravating to acne.

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2014年2月12日星期三

Help you find Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid

Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid is a kind of clear liquids, also known as Cyclopropanecarboxylicacid with Molecular Formula: C4H6O2 and Molecular Weight:86.09. It is miscible, stable under normal temperatures and pressures. The EINECS is 217-162-5, CAS Registry Number is 1759-53-1.

Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid is used as an intermediate for agrochemical, pharmaceuticals, and other organic synthesis such as for the applications for electronics chemicals, polymer additives, coatings, adhesives, surfactants, and other applications.

When you handing Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid: Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist. Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking. Take measures to prevent the build up of electrostatic charge. When you storage: Store it in a cool, dry place. Store in a tightly closed container.Store at 2-8 C.

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1.Hangzhou Dayangchem Co., Ltd.
Updatetime:Feb 12 2014
DetailDesc:Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid
Tel:86-571-88938639
Address:B/2601 Fuli Building, 328# WenEr Rd. Hangzhou City 310012 China

2.AFINE CHEMICALS LIMITED
Updatetime:Feb 11 2014
Min. Order:1/Gram Supply Ability:10 Month/Metric Ton
DetailDesc:Cyclopropyl Carboxylic Acid    Tel:86-571-85232161
Address:6th Floor, Block C, 7th Building, Xigang Xinjie, Xihu Industrial Park, Sandun Town, Hangzhou, China

3.AOPHARM
Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid
Updatetime:Feb 12 2014
Purity:99% DetailDesc:Colorless or light yellow liquid
Tel:86-311-66600578
Address:C-2103 Wonder Business Square, 15 Yuhua West Rd.

4.Shanghai Dell Chemical Co.Ltd
Cyclopropanecarboxylicacid(CAS NO: 1759-53-1)
Updatetime:Feb 08 2014
Purity:NLT99% Min. Order:1/Kilogram Supply Ability:100 Year/Metric Ton
DetailDesc:Shanghai Dell Chemical Co.Ltd. is specialized in trading and developing active pharmaceutical ingredients, intermediates, API, and custom synthesis according to client’s requirements.
Tel:86-21-51950635
Address:Nianjiabang Rd, Pudong, Shanghai

5.Capot Chemical Co., Ltd.
Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid
Updatetime:Jan 27 2014
Purity:98% Min. Order:1/Kilogram Supply Ability:up to kgs Month/Kilogram
DetailDesc:86.09,C4H6O2
Tel:86-571-85586718
Address:Joinhands Science Park, No.4028,Nanhuan Road

6.Atomax Chemicals Co.,Ltd
Cyclopropanecarboxylicacid
Updatetime:Dec 11 2013
Purity:95%+ Min. Order:mg/g/Gram  Supply Ability:kg/T Month/Gram
DetailDesc:We are a leading global supplier and manufacturer of chiral chemicals, amino acids, aromatic and pyridine halogens, natural extracts and pharmaceutical raw materials. Those chemicals are widely used in the pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries and in research laboratories.
Tel:86-755-33239182
Address:Huiji302 Hutingju Sanwei Xixiang SHENZHEN 518126, China

7.Andexin industrial Co.,Limited
Cyclopropyl Carboxylic Acid
Updatetime:Feb 11 2014
Min. Order:1/Gram  Supply Ability:10 Month/Metric Ton
DetailDesc:Cyclopropyl Carboxylic Acid
Tel:86-411-39074598
Address:No.98,Shengli road,,Jinzhou district

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2014年2月11日星期二

Help you find high quality Octrizole

Octrizole is a kind of performance excellence efficient antiaging additives, soluble in benzene, ethyl acetate, styrene slightly soluble in ethanol, insoluble in water, can absorb 270-340 nm UV light, is widely used in PP PE PVC PS PC ABS resin epoxy resin fiber polypropylene fiber and ethylene vinyl acetate, etc., and can be used in plastic containers and food packaging, packaging materials, provides them with good light stability effect.

It is used for polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyester, rigid PVC, polycarbonate, ABS resin. We should store it in a tightly closed container. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances. 

When you storage and handing Octrizole(CAS NO:3147-75-9), you have something need to watch: Wash thoroughly after handling. Avoid breathing dust, vapor, mist, or gas. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Keep container tightly closed. Avoid ingestion and inhalation. Use with adequate ventilation. Wash clothing before reuse.

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1.AFINE CHEMICALS LIMITED
Updatetime:Feb 11 2014
Min. Order:1/Gram Supply Ability:10 Month/Metric Ton
DetailDesc:Octrizole;2-(2-Hydroxy-5-tert-octylphenyl)benzotriazole
Tel:86-571-85232161
Address:6th Floor, Block C, 7th Building, Xigang Xinjie, Xihu Industrial Park, Sandun Town, Hangzhou, China

2.AOPHARM
Octrizole
Updatetime:Feb 11 2014
Purity:99%
DetailDesc:White powder
Tel:86-311-66600578
Address:C-2103 Wonder Business Square, 15 Yuhua West Rd.

3.Hangzhou Dayangchem Co., Ltd.
Updatetime:Feb 11 2014
DetailDesc:2-(2-Hydroxy-5-tert-octylphenyl)benzotriazole
Tel:86-571-88938639
Address:B/2601 Fuli Building, 328# WenEr Rd. Hangzhou City 310012 China
4.run-biotech Co., Ltd.
Updatetime:Feb 08 2014
DetailDesc:Phenol, 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-
Tel:86-21-61900721
Address:Room 3-201, No.787, Kangqiao Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, China

5.Shanghai UCHEM Inc.
Octrizole
Updatetime:Feb 11 2014
DetailDesc:Octrizole;2-(2H-Benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenol
Tel:086-021-61555264
Address:4th Floor,Build A,500Jianyun Road,Zhoupu,Pudong,Shanghai

6.Andexin industrial Co.,Limited
Octrizole
Updatetime:Feb 10 2014
Min. Order:1/Gram Supply Ability:10 Month/Metric Ton
DetailDesc:Octrizole;2-(2-Hydroxy-5-tert-octylphenyl)benzotriazole
Tel:86-411-39074598
Address:No.98,Shengli road,,Jinzhou district,

7.Angene International Limited
Octrizole
Updatetime:Jan 08 2014
DetailDesc:You can find Octrizole with most competitive price and high quality here. Welcome to inquire for stock confirming.
Tel:852-852-81916999
Address:4/F Silvercord Center Tower 1, 30 Canton Rd,KL,Hong Kong

8.Hangzhou Shangyou Chemistry Co., Ltd
Octrizol
Updatetime:Jan 13 2014
Purity:99%min
Tel:86-571-87211453
Address:RM.1101,Yuntian Fortune center,No.63 Huancheng North Road,Hangzhou,China

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Import and export of 4-Chloropyridine hydrochloride

4-Chloropyridine hydrochloride is a light yellow crystalline powder, with Synonyms: 4-Chloropyridinium chloride and 4-Chloropyridine HCL. It is stable at room temperature in closed containers under normal storage and handling conditions. Store it in a tightly closed container. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances. The Molecular Formula is C5H5Cl2N, Molecular Weight is 150.01.

Here are some supply information about 4-Chloropyridine hydrochloride(CAS NO:7379-35-3) in guidechem. Guidechem offers you with plenty of opportunities to easy find and direct contact target chemical manufacturers & suppliers all over the world. Besides, Guidechem provides you with the opportunities to post your special buying requests for potential chemical suppliers sending prompt offers to you directly.

Supplier one :Hangzhou Dayangchem Co., Ltd.
4-Chloropyidine hydrochloride
Updatetime:Feb 11 2014
DetailDesc:4-Chloropyidine hydrochloride
Tel:86-571-88938639
Address:B/2601 Fuli Building, 328# WenEr Rd. Hangzhou City 310012 China

Supplier two:Shanghai Dell Chemical Co.Ltd
4-Chloropyridine hydrochloride
Updatetime:Feb 08 2014
Purity:NLT99% Min. Order:1/Kilogram Supply Ability:100 Year/Metric Ton
DetailDesc:Shanghai Dell Chemical Co.Ltd. is specialized in trading and developing active pharmaceutical ingredients, intermediates, API, and custom synthesis according to client’s requirements.
Tel:86-21-51950635
Address:Nianjiabang Rd, Pudong, Shanghai

Supplier three:Capot Chemical Co., Ltd.
Updatetime:Jan 27 2014
Purity:98% Min. Order:1/Kilogram Supply Ability:up to kgs Month/Kilogram
DetailDesc:150.01,C5H5Cl2N
Tel:86-571-85586718
Address:Joinhands Science Park, No.4028,Nanhuan Road

Supplier four:Nanjing Norris-Pharm Technology Co., Ltd.
Updatetime:Jan 23 2014
Purity:97% Min. Order:
DetailDesc: Pharmaceutical intermediates Nanjing Norris Pharm Technology Co., Ltd. is a major focus in pharmaceutical R & D outsourcing service .we provides chemical synthesis outsourcing services for new drug research and development projects for international pharmaceutical companies, customers are mainly concentrated in Europe , the United State.
Tel:86-25-66112881
Address:A1100 Cultural and Creative Industrial Park 5th Jiangning Road Nanjing 210006 China

Supplier five:Struchem Co Ltd
Updatetime:Jan 14 2014
Purity:95%min Min. Order:1,5,25/Gram Supply Ability:kilograms Day/kilograms
Tel:86-512-63009836
Address:No. 2358 Chang'an Rd, Wujiang City, JiangSu Province, China 215200

Supplier six:HEBEI CUI FENG IMPORT&EXPORT TRADE CO.,LTD
4-Chloropyidine hydrochloride
Updatetime:Feb 11 2014
Supply Ability:Success 
DetailDesc:4-Chloropyidine hydrochloride
Tel:86-311-80955068
Address:No 98 Gongnong Street,Shijiazhuang Hebei,China

Supplier seven:Jinan Haohua Industry Co., Ltd.
4-Chloropyridine Hydrochloride
Updatetime:Feb 11 2014
Tel:0086-531-58773055
Address:No.59 Gongye South RD
Introduction:Haohua Industry is a large group corporation which engaged in the R & D and manufacture of chemicals. We have earned ourselves a good reputation at home and abroad with advanced technology, standardized management and well established service systerm.

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2014年2月10日星期一

Applications of Methyl 3-aminocrotonate

Methyl 3-aminocrotonate is a yellowish semi-solid with Molecular Formula: C5H9NO2 and Molecular Weight: 115.13. It is stable at room temperature in closed containers under normal storage and handling conditions. Keep container closed when not in use it. Store Methyl 3-aminocrotonate in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances. Keep containers tightly closed. The CAS Registry Number is 14205-39-1.

Methyl 3-aminocrotonate is a member of short and unsaturated cahin carboxylic acids; trans-2-butenoic acid in IUPAC sysytem name and 3-methylacrylic acid in acrylic acid series naming. It is a white to off-white crystals; soluble in water (the solution is a weak acid); melting at 71 C; boiling at 185 C. Methyl 3-aminocrotonate reacts violently with bases, oxidants, reducing agents. 

It is found in croton oil used as a standard irritant in pharmacological research; laxative and poisonous to human. Tiglic acid is structurally the trans- form of methyl branched Methyl 3-aminocrotonate found in croton oil (trans-2,3-Dimethylacrylic acid in acrylic acid series naming). The cis- form of methyl branched crotonic acid is called angelic acid obtainable naturally from roots of Angelica plant. 

They are onoclinic poisonous crystals; soluble in hot water. They have a reactive double bond and carboxylic group in one molecule. They can be used as co-monomers for polymerization to prepare functional polymers as well as in protein sequencing and enzyme inhibiting. 

Methyl 3-aminocrotonate is used as intermediate for the syntheses of pharmaceuticals (e.g. 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives) as well as for the manufacture of stabilizers and plastics.

Methyl 3-aminocrotonate derivatives, acyl halides, anhydrides, esters, amides and nitriles, are used in making target products such as flavoring agents, internal plasticizers, pesticides, dyes, textile treatment agents, fungicides, and pharmaceuticals through further reactions of substitution, catalytic reduction, metal hydride reduction, diborane reduction, keto formation with organometallic reagents, electrophile bonding at oxygen, and Claisen condensation on carboxylic group and electrophilic additions, reduction, oxidation, radical additions, substitution and dienes formation on double bond. Methyl 3-aminocrotonate is used in manufacturing Nitrendipine (chemically, Ethyl methyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(m-nitrophenyl)-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate), a drug to treat mild hypertension.

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Diethyl carbonate is used as a solvent

Diethyl carbonate is a carbonate ester of Diethyl carbonateand ethanol with the formula OC(OCH2CH3)2. At room temperature diethyl carbonate is a clear liquid with a low flash point. It is colourless liquid with a mild odour with Molecular Weight is 118.13. Diethyl carbonate has the synonyms:Ethyl carbonate or Carbonic acid. The CAS Registry Number is 105-58-8.

It is negligible, stable, flammable, incompatible with strong acids, strong bases, reducing agents, oxidizing agents. Protect from moisture. It should be stored in flammables area. Diethyl carbonate can be made by reacting phosgene with ethanol, producing hydrogen chloride as a byproduct. This reaction is the base of why ethanol is added to chloroform in a 1% quantity by mass.
2CH3CH2OH + COCl2 → OC(OCH2CH3)2 + 2HCl

Diethyl carbonate is used as a solvent such as in erythromycin intramuscular injections. It can be used as a component of electrolytes in lithium batteries. Diethyl Carbonate(CAS NO:105-58-8) is a solvent of both extraction and reaction used in many industries; pharmaceuticals; agrochemicals; hydrocarbon refinery; paint and coatings and fragrances; It is used as a methylation and carbonylation agent in organic synthesis. It can be used as fuel and lube additive.

Diethyl carbonate is a carbon-containing dibasic acid which has two acidic hydrogen atoms in the same molecule. The other common example of dibasic acid is sulfuric acid (H2SO4). Diethyl carbonateis formed in solution when its anhydride is dissolved in water, existing only in equilibrium. The equilibrium is important for organisms to perform certain vital functions. The body fluids must maintain a constant pH. For example, blood must maintain a pH of close to 7.4 in order to carry oxygen from the lungs to cells. 

Diethyl carbonate has two acidic hydrogens and can lose one or two protons. The presence of pure Diethyl carbonateis not possible as even a single molecule of water causes the Diethyl carbonateto revert to carbon dioxide and water fairly quickly. Pure Diethyl carbonatecan be found if there is no water absolutely. 

Diethyl carbonate itself is a stronger acid than acetic acid or formic acid due to the influence of the electronegative oxygen substituent. Considering the equilibrium constant, however, the majority of the carbon dioxide is not converted into Diethyl carbonateand so such solutions are fairly weak. 

Diethyl carbonate forms two series of salts when combined with positive or basic atoms or radicals; the hydrogencarbonate which contain the hydrogencarbonate ion HCO3- formed when the first proton is removed and the carbonate which contain the carbonate ion, CO32- formed when the second proton is removed. 

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2014年2月9日星期日

What is Dichloroethane used for

Dichloroethane is a colorless, oily, organic liquid with a sweet, chloroform-like odor with Molecular Formula: C2H4Cl2 and Molecular Weight: 98.96 . It is commonly known by its old name of ethylene dichloride, is a chlorinated hydrocarbon, mainly used to produce vinyl chloride monomer , the major precursor for PVC production. Dichloroethane is also used generally as an intermediate for other organic chemical compounds and as a solvent. It forms azeotropes with many other solvents, including water and other chlorocarbons. The CAS Registry Number is 107-06-2.

The greatest use of Dichloroethane is in making chemicals involved in plastics, rubber and synthetic textile fibers. Other uses include: as a solvent for resins and fats, photography, photocopying, cosmetics, drugs, and as a fumigant for grains and orchards. EPA regulates dichloroethane(CAS NO:107-06-2) in drinking water to protect public health. Dichloroethane may cause health problems if present in public or private water supplies in amounts greater than the drinking water standard set by EPA.

As a good polar aprotic solvent, dichloroethane could be used as degreaser and paint remover but is now banned from use due to its toxicity and carcinogenity. As a useful 'building block' reagent, it is used as an intermediate in the production of various organic compounds such as ethylenediamine. In the laboratory it is occasionally used as a source of chlorine, with elimination of ethene and chloride.

In 1794, physician Jan Rudolph Deiman, merchant Adriaan Paets van Troostwijk, chemist Anthoni Lauwerenburg, and botanist Nicolaas Bondt, under the name of Gezelschap der Hollandsche Scheikundigen, were the first to produce dichloroethane from olefiant gas and chlorine gas. Although the Gezelschap in practice did not do much in-depth scientific research, they and their publications were highly regarded. Part of that acknowledgement is that dichloroethane has been called "Dutch oil" in old chemistry.

The major source of dichloroethane in drinking water is discharge from industrial chemical factories.A federal law called the Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act (EPCRA) requires facilities in certain industries, which manufacture, process, or use significant amounts of toxic chemicals, to report annually on their releases of these chemicals.

Some people who drink water containing dichloroethane well in excess of the maximum contaminant level for many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer. This health effects language is not intended to catalog all possible health effects for dichloroethane. Rather, it is intended to inform consumers of some of the possible health effects associated with dichloroethane in drinking water when the rule was finalized.

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2014年2月7日星期五

Ketotifen fumarate used as medicine

Ketotifen fumarate is a second-generation noncompetitive H1-antihistamine and mast cell stabilizer. It is most commonly sold as a salt of fumaric acid, Ketotifen fumarate fumarate, and is available in two forms. In its ophthalmic form, it is used to treat allergic conjunctivitis,or the itchy red eyes caused by allergies. In its oral form, it is used to prevent asthma attacks. Side effects include drowsiness, weight gain, dry mouth, irritability, and increased nosebleeds.

Ketotifen fumarate (CAS NO:34580-14-8) is marketed as ophthalmic solutions under the brand names Zaditor/Zaditen, Alaway , Zyrtec Itchy-Eye Drops, and Claritin Eye. A generic version of Novartis' Zaditor, Ketotifen fumarate fumarate ophthalmic solution, 0.025%, is available from Perrigo and distributed as store brands, such as Eye Itch Relief from Walgreens.

Ketotifen fumarate (CAS NO:34580-14-8) is used to prevent and treat itching of the eyes caused by allergies. Ketotifen fumarate is an antihistamine for the eye that treats allergic symptoms by blocking a certain natural substance. It is also a mast cell stabilizer that prevents allergic reactions by reducing the release of natural substances that cause an allergic reaction.

If you are using the over-the-counter product, read all directions on the product package before using this medication. If your doctor has prescribed Ketotifen fumarate, use it exactly as directed.

Apply 1 drop to the affected eye(s), usually twice a day (every 8 to 12 hours) or as directed by the package instructions or your doctor. Dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment. To apply eye drops, wash your hands first. To avoid contamination, do not touch the dropper tip or let it touch your eye or any other surface.

For topical ophthalmic use only. Not for use on the skin, in the ear, or for injection into eye.Ask patient to tilt head back and instill prescribed number of drops into affected eye(s) as ordered. Ask patient to close eye(s) for 2 to 3 min and apply light finger pressure to lacrimal sac for 1 to 2 min after installation. 

Do not touch top of dropper bottle to eye, fingers, or any other surface.If using other topical ophthalmic medications, separate each medication by at least 5 min. Instill ophthalmic ointment last.

Ketotifen fumarate relieves and prevents eye itchiness and/or irritation associated with most seasonal allergies. It starts working within minutes after administering the drops. Ketotifen fumarate has not been studied in children under three. The mean elimination half life is 12 hours. Besides its anti-histaminic activity, it is also a functional leukotriene antagonist and a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Ketotifen fumarate may also help relieve the symptoms of Irritable bowel syndrome.


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